Pharmacie

An expert overview on the state of the art of hearing implantation otology
The development of new technology in hearing aid devices as well as imaging techniques has improved the possibilities of meeting the patient's individual needs. This book, in which experts from around the world have contributed, comprehensively covers advances in all aspects of hearing implantation otology. Chapters review the evidence behind the current applications of the wide range of hearing implants available for different types of hearing loss. Further articles discuss the extended applications of implantation otology and let us have a glimpse into the future of hearing rehabilitation. New imaging techniques for the middle and inner ear are explored as well as innovations to improve Eustachian tube function.
The publication is essential reading to otolaryngologists, audiologists and hearing rehabilitation professionals. It provides comprehensive coverage of state of the art hearing rehabilitation across the spectrum of hearing loss: as such it is a perfect tool for those who wish to develop their knowledge within the field.

This volume is dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Department of Otolaryngology of the Sapporo Medical University. It commemorates this landmark event and honors the department’s rich tradition of excellence. Chapters feature results of clinical and basic research conducted at the university. The carefully selected articles – ten clinical reviews, ten original research papers, and one case report – reflect the wide range of specialty fields within the department. Topics covered include otology, allergy and rhinology, oncology, sleep medicine, and tonsils.
This book is a comprehensive, inspiring contribution to the celebration of one of the oldest departments within the Sapporo Medical University. It contains valuable information for new and experienced otolaryngologists, neurotologists, allergologists, and head and neck surgeons.

Covering all aspects from epidemiology to clinical applications
In most published literature hypopharyngeal cancer is discussed in combination with larynx cancer. This volume is dedicated exclusively to hypopharyngeal cancer. It is a compilation by recognized head and neck oncology experts, who have extracted from published literature and from their own clinical practice, an up-to-date review and commentary on the management of hypopharyngeal cancer.
All aspects of hypopharyngeal cancer have been reviewed. They include epidemiology, diagnosis, staging of disease, laser and robotic surgery, chemoradiotherapy, rehabilitation, options of treatment in health care restricted communities, supportive care, and future perspectives.
The publication addresses head and neck clinicians and surgeons as well as radiologists, pathologists, medical and radiation-oncologists, and epidemiologists. Health care purchasers, supportive care clinicians, and general medical and dental practitioners will also benefit from this concise update.

An update on the etiology and treatment of CRSwNP
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous disease that impacts a significant portion of the population. Specific subtypes of the disease include cystic fibrosis, allergic fungal sinusitis, and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Unfortunately, the majority of patients with CRSwNP do not fall within one of these subtypes, and have variable responses to medical and surgical treatment. There are rapidly evolving theories describing the etiology of CRSwNP that involve alterations in innate immunity, acquired dysfunction of respiratory epithelial cells, and external or environmental factors. This book provides a comprehensive update on the latest theories on the etiology of CRSwNP as well as a review of innovative and effective medical and surgical therapies. Special thanks go to D.W. Kennedy, Philadelphia, Pa., for contributing the foreword.
Otorhinolaryngologists and allergologists, as well as other physicians and medical providers treating patients with CRSwNP, will find this volume to be an indispensable source of current information.

This volume in the book series 'Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology' summarizes the current scientific knowledge of salivary gland neoplasms and illustrates recent advances in this clinical area. Chapters are authored by world renowned experts who cover the full breadth of salivary gland neoplasms, from benign to malignant, primary to secondary, and pediatric to adult. This comprehensive review highlights the outcome of treatments as well as the classification, diagnosis, and management of salivary gland neoplasms. It also includes commentary on the future perspective necessary for improvement.
All clinicians, both surgical and non-surgical, involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with symptoms and diseases of the salivary gland, will find this book indispensable reading. It is also a beneficial educational resource for clinicians, students, and experts in the field.

A multidisciplinary approach by leading international experts
Many sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD), especially obstructive sleep apnea, originate from upper airway abnormalities. The connection to cardio- and cerebrovascular comorbidities is significant and the impact on the general health of patients is noteworthy. In recent years, important advances have been made in the research, diagnosis, and treatment of SRBD due to a multidisciplinary approach.
This volume incorporates contributions in which the efforts and expertise of more than thirty outstanding experts are shared. It provides a concise, practical, and comprehensive review of sleep medicine and will enable researchers and physicians to stay updated on the latest developments.

A multidisciplinary approach describing the speech pathologist’s, the radiologist’s and the prosthodontist’s role in VPI.
This surgical atlas describes the multidisciplinary approach to treating pediatric velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) and reviews the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities involved. The publication begins with a review of the key anatomic features of children with VPI and focuses on a clinically relevant approach to surgical anatomy. How to perform nasal endoscopy and how to decide between different surgical treatments are key diagnostic questions when treating VPI, which are discussed in detail in this volume. Included with the published text are 5- to 7-minute-long narrated audio/video recordings of each surgery. The videos show the key surgical steps as well as the pearls and pitfalls of each surgical intervention.
This publication gives an excellent overview of the various types of procedures, and it should prove to be essential reading for VPI surgeons, both the novice and experienced, who need to understand the relevant anatomy and the pearls and pitfalls of each of the various surgical procedures.

This collection of articles on the latest developments is written by experts in various sub-disciplines - medical and paramedical - of vestibular disorders. Contributions discuss various manifestations of vestibular disorders and how to diagnose and treat them. The different areas are put into context to support the clinician in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with dizziness, imbalance, and vertigo. New diagnostic tools are presented as are new approaches to the understanding of clinical signs and underlying pathologies.
Otolaryngologists seeking to provide up-to-date assessment and care will find this publication a valuable and indispensable read. The contributions presented appeal not only to otolaryngologists of all levels of experience, but also to front-line clinical staff.

An update on contemporary psychosomatic medicine
Psychosomatic medicine may be considered to be one of the leading approaches to treating comorbid disorders and conditions. The chapters of this volume are written by experts in the field and present the newest developments in psychosomatic medicine, from basic science to clinical approaches and novel treatments. Discussed are communications with patients suffering from serious illness, basic science and management of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue. Further psychiatric symptomatology in Huntington's disease and its management as well as coping with losses, grief and mourning in prostate cancer are reviewed. Psychocutaneous diseases, the role of telomeres in stress and mental illness, dimensional psychopharmacology in somatizing patients and many other clinically important areas are also covered.
Papers in this publication offer new information on the advances of contemporary psychosomatic medicine in variety of areas previously not sufficiently covered and are of valuable reading for psychiatrists, psychologists, internists, oncologists and primary care specialists.

oncise insights into a beneficial therapy
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has become an important treatment modality in medical practice. New and exciting applications continue to emerge and the future of PDT looks brighter and brighter. Dermatologists and other health professionals around the world rely on its therapeutic effect for the treatment of actinic keratoses, non-melanoma skin cancers, acne vulgaris, and various other dermatologic conditions.
In this comprehensive yet concise book, world-renowned experts showcase all of the common, everyday uses of PDT in dermatologic offices. They also examine how this beneficial therapy can be utilized to its full capacity. The considerable knowledge presented here renders this publication an indispensable resource for all dermatologists and health professionals who offer their patients this effective, noninvasive procedure.

Advances in facial rejuvenation
The aging process affects every aspect of the body, with the face being one of the first places to show signs. The search for the perfect injectable filler has taken an interesting path with the majority of innovations having been introduced in the last 30 years. The patient-driven demand for safe and effective minimally invasive aesthetic procedures has led to the development of an expanding and competitive market for dermal fillers. The demand for soft tissue augmentation has grown rapidly since its start in 1981 with collagen fillers. Fillers using hyaluronic acid, calcium hydroxyapatite, poly-L-lactic acid, and polymethylmethacrylate provide a wide range of options so that the best cosmetic outcome can be attained. The ability to correct facial rhytides and folds, to augment lips and cheeks, to correct acne scars, and now even to replenish volume loss in the dorsum of the hands is something that many practitioners thought would never be possible. This publication reviews the history of fillers, injection techniques, complications and safety as well as the novel use of fillers and fillers of the future.

From current concept to recent 'hot topics'
While first accounts of food allergy date back to antiquity, only in recent years has food allergy become recognized as one of the major allergic diseases. During the last decade the output of research papers on food allergy increased tremendously, and today, issues related to food allergies still attract a lot of attention among academics and the general public.
Featuring contributions by world-renowned experts, this book presents the current concept, practice and recent advances in the field of food allergy. A comprehensive background section provides a historical retrospective and information on the immunological basis and epidemiology of food allergies. Main topics discussed include clinical aspects, diagnosis and management, allergen-based food allergies, and disease-based food allergies. Furthermore, nutritional aspects and diets, public policy and educational programs are covered as well as recent hot topics such as molecular-based allergen diagnosis, eosinophilic gastrointestinal food allergies and oral immunotherapy.
Allergists, pediatricians, internists, dermatologists and general practitioners will find this publication an essential source of information as it provides in-depth insights into food allergies from childhood to adulthood.

Continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT) started off as an alternative to hemo- or peritoneal dialysis. Today's machines and techniques are the result of 4 decades of developments, studies, and practices which can be divided into 4 distinct stages: exploration and development; birth of a new specialty called critical care nephrology; design of specific new devices and machines; and interaction among various specialists to adapt extracorporeal therapies for multiple organ support and sepsis.
This book features contributions from prominent CRRT experts from around the world. It is an important tool for educating a new generation of nephrologists and intensivists. At the same time, it provides the most advanced CRRT users with the latest technological information, the most updated clinical evidence, and the personal opinion of key leaders who contributed to the last 40 years of history in the field.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a complex syndrome that is prevalent among hospitalized patients. In recent years, occurrence of AKI events has risen due to a growing susceptibility of fragile and elderly subjects and an increase in the use of complex procedures such as cardiovascular surgery and imaging techniques. Exposure to potentially nephrotoxic drugs, such as new chemotherapeutic agents, is also proving to be a cause of AKI.
This book summarizes recent advances in various settings. A reappraisal of current definitions and staging classifications for AKI in the literature is followed by a description of new criteria for identifying patients at risk and characterizing early kidney damage by using biomarkers. Other important topics include the sequelae of AKI and AKI in special populations such as children, the elderly, and those with cancer. The effects of AKI and its consequences on healthcare expenditures are also addressed from several perspectives.
AKI management requires the cooperation of different specialists to optimize outcomes. This book is thus a perfect tool not only for nephrologists, but for every specialist involved in the complicated endeavor of improving patient care.

A concise reference work for physicians and nurses
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious disorder in which sudden impairment of kidney function occurs secondary to one or more of a variety of underlying conditions and exposures. It is very common in (elderly) ICU patients and associated with very high mortality. Many of those who survive suffer from permanent kidney failure and other long-term morbidities.
Renowned experts from around the world have contributed to this new publication, creating a succinct yet complete review of the most controversial aspects of AKI. The topics range from epidemiology and basic science to pathophysiology and clinical issues. It is intended as a concise reference work for physicians and nurses who deal with AKI in clinical nephrology and intensive care wards on a daily basis.

The buttonhole method for the cannulation of the arteriovenous fistula was discovered more than 40 years ago and was soon adopted on a wide scale due to its obvious benefits of decreased puncture pain and extension of the life of the arteriovenous fistula. Following reports of complications such as a higher incidence of access-related infections, the method has lately been the subject of intense scrutiny; recent research has focused on the mechanisms of buttonhole access-related infections and newer techniques that may have bearing on the future use of the buttonhole method.
This book presents an easily accessible overview of information relevant to the subject, including history, benefits and the latest research results related to the buttonhole cannulation method. It aims to rekindle an awareness of the advantages of this method and to encourage a critical analysis of possible techniques to overcome current barriers that prevent a wider spread of the technique.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing worldwide public health problem resulting from the increasing number of patients with diabetes and hypertension, but also from the aging of the population. As the pathology associated with CKD appears to become more complex with age, it is essential to improve the prognosis of patients suffering from CKD by developing effective measures to prevent and control complications for the elderly.
The publication at hand makes a significant contribution to achieving this goal, with renowned Japanese scientists presenting their recent research results. Papers cover various aspects of CKD and related morbidities, ranging from dialysis- and access-related issues to bone disorders, tissue engineering, or hyperphosphatemia.
Due to the wide range of topics presented, this book will be of interest to readers in various clinical and research settings connected with the care for the elderly.

This publication is a record of some of the outstanding presentations given at the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT). The meeting was held in Kobe in 2018, celebrating the 50-year anniversary of the founding of the JSDT as a voluntary academic association.
Therapy for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) now faces vital issues besides the management of renal anemia and chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder and the selection of the optimal treatment modality for each patient. These issues include the increasing incidence of malnutrition and frailty in the elderly, fragile vascular access, and the balance between medical costs and budgets. Expert members of the JSDT present 15 articles that address these issues.
This book serves to promote further progress in understanding the pathogenesis of complications associated with ESKD and providing optimal therapy for patients.

Focusing on hot topics in nephrology
After years of stagnation, much has been happening in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases. This book contains a comprehensive review of the main developments in AKI, CKD, hemodialysis and kidney transplantation.
The section on AKI deals with the key innovations in extracorporeal technologies. The section on nephrology and CKD concentrates on mineral metabolism alterations, restenosis in hemodialytic fistulas, mycophenolate mofetil as an alternative treatment for IgA nephropathy, and the genetics and progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The part on hemodialysis includes contributions on expanded hemodialysis, potassium profiling and home hemodialysis. Chapters on the treatment of acute antibody-mediated rejection after transplantation, pathogenesis and therapy of chronic allograft injury, and non-invasive surrogate biomarkers of acute rejection round out the subjects covered.
Due to the wide variety of topics included in each section, this book is not only of interest to nephrologists, but also to professionals from related fields

Improving the chances of end-stage kidney disease patients
Despite constant significant advances, cardiovascular as well as more general outcomes of hemodialysis treatment remain unsatisfactory. The introduction of innovative 'high retention onset' membranes has led to the development of a new treatment modality called 'expanded hemodialysis' (HDx), which is the focus of this book. This new therapy is likely to benefit end-stage kidney disease patients, thanks to enhanced removal of molecules retained by current dialysis techniques. HDx is simple to set up and application does not require special hardware or specific nursing skills.
This book contains emerging evidence and fascinating new hypotheses on HDx. It is highly recommended for all physicians and healthcare professionals who are caring for dialysis patients and are seeking innovation and improved care solutions. It will also be of considerable interest to students and fellows.

Focus on patient safety tools for health care professionals
Not only are dialysis access creation and maintenance prone to complications, but patients suffering from end-stage renal disease and its comorbidities generally have a high risk of adverse events during their continuous treatment. Preventive strategies are key to avoid harm and to improve the outcome of the treatment of the growing number of patients with chronic kidney failure, especially as doctors and nurses are not always aware of the consequences of unsafe behavior.
This publication is intended for health care professionals – nurses as well as doctors – and aims to raise the awareness of patient safety aspects, combining medical education with evidence-based medicine. After a general overview of the topic, an international panel of authors provides a diversified insight into important concepts and technical tricks essential to create and maintain a functional dialysis access.

The number of dialysis patients, and their ages, continues to increase globally. This creates major issues such as rising medical costs in an aging population, how to best manage end-of-life care, and how to train the various practitioners involved in dialysis care. After the US and China, Japan occupies 3rd place with regard to the number of dialysis patients and is also widely regarded as a world leader in dialysis.
This book contains selected articles – organized into 4 chapters - that discuss recent advances in dialysis therapy in Japan. Chapter 1 presents insights into causes, risk factors, disease associations, and possible implications for management of dialysis patients. Chapter 2 examines recent progress in hemodialysis treatment, and chapter 3 focuses on developments in peritoneal dialysis. The final chapter concentrates on recent advances in apheresis and current trends in practice, among other topics.
This book is aimed at nephrologists, physicians, urologists, nurses, clinical engineers, pharmacists, and nutritionists. It is a significant contribution to furthering the progress of dialysis therapy worldwide.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden with associated high economic costs to the health system. Main factors are the increasing number of patients with diabetes and hypertension and the aging of the population. CKD has been associated with increased risks of cardiovascular morbidity, premature mortality, and/or decreased quality of life.
In this new volume, renowned Japanese scientists present their recent research results.
Papers cover various aspects of kidney diseases such as cystic kidney diseases, treatment of lupus nephritis, renal anemia and iron metabolism, cell sheet engineering, frailty and outcomes of dialysis patients, and the socioeconomics of rituximab in nephrotic syndrome.
Due to the wide range of topics presented, this book will be of interest to readers from various clinical and research settings connected with the care of CKD patients.

A compilation of cutting-edge research
This book brings together papers presented both during the 61st Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT) and the 34th Congress of the International Society of Blood Purification (ISBP), held in Osaka in June and in Hiroshima in September 2016, respectively. They cover a broad spectrum of topics, ranging from hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, hemodiafiltration and technical innovations in blood purification to complications of chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury, including mineral bone disease and anemia

A practical manual for physicians and nurses
Ultrasound imaging techniques are an indispensable complement to physical examination, which is often frustrating, if not useless, for diagnosing kidney problems. The application of ultrasound techniques in clinical routine helps clinicians to rule out, at first glance, some serious pathological conditions and to concentrate on the accurate diagnosis of the patient. Moreover, sonography can extend the spectrum of diagnostic criteria in acute kidney diseases. It makes it possible to determine morphological parameters without potentially toxic contrast media while exploring functional aspects with contrast enhanced or Doppler ultrasound techniques.
This publication meets a growing demand for current information among physicians and nurses in the field. With a focus on the daily practice of diagnosing kidney disease, it is an important resource for both beginner and advanced users of ultrasound imaging techniques.

Hyperuricemia and renal damage - mechanisms, prevention and treatment
Hyperuricemia is often associated with life-style related disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which, in turn, are major causes of CKD. Improved management of hyperuricemia is thus expected to be beneficial for both the general population and CKD patients.
This book presents new information on uric acid in tubular transport, early recognition of renal lesions, genetic predisposition, preeclampsia, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, high blood pressure in the young, and the relationship with vitamin D. Moreover, the relationship between AKI and uric acid, as well as the rejection of renal transplants due to hyperuricemia, are discussed.
This publication will be of interest to both general practitioners and researchers working in the field of CKD. It provides new insights into renal damage caused by hyperuricemia and into prevention and treatment possibilities.

In many areas of medicine physicians still face the great challenge of finding therapies that will meet the patients’ needs. In dermatology the challenge has arisen on multiple fronts through advances in the understanding of the immunopathogenesis of many inflammatory and malignant cutaneous disorders. Breakthroughs, combined with significant developments in targeted immunotherapy, have resulted in improved outcomes as these newer therapies are being used for both approved indications and as off-label therapies for various chronic inflammatory skin disorders and many forms of skin cancer.
In the expectation that by truly understanding the safety profile of these targeted therapies patients’ outcomes will be significantly improved, this book offers insights into topics such as adverse reactions, infectious complications and the perioperative use of biologics in psoriasis, immunogenicity of biologic therapies, paradoxical reactions, safety of biologics used to treat autoimmune bullous diseases and primary cutaneous lymphomas, adverse reactions and skin manifestations of therapies targeting melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer and other neoplastic diseases.
Eminent researchers with extensive clinical experience have contributed to this publication, providing an in-depth overview of the latest knowledge in this field.

Hair is subject to either intrinsic (i.e. physiological) aging or extrinsic (i.e. premature) aging that can be attributed to external factors. The intrinsic factors can be associated with genetic mechanisms and are subject to individual variations, whereas external factors include ultraviolet radiation, air pollution, smoking, and possibly nutrition.
Leading experts have contributed to this book which offers a practical approach to the evaluation and management of various forms of alopecia, including their pathogenesis, the diagnostic procedures involved, medical treatments, and nutritional issues. A completely new surgical technique for hair transplantation that leaves behind sufficient follicle unit tissue to regenerate hairs is also described.
Being comprehensive and easy-to-read, this book should be very useful for dermatologists who wish to diagnose and treat their patients with hair problems more effectively.

Tattooing breaches the skin and can, therefore, cause a variety of complications. This book covers the full spectrum of issues clinical practitioners may encounter when treating affected patients. Introductory chapters include educational information on methods for tattooing, types of tattoos, tattoo inks, and tattoo ink toxicology. The focus is on the diagnosis and classification of tattoo complications. In this regard, a comprehensive atlas of acute and chronic complications serves as a valuable tool. Further chapters summarize available therapies, their rationale, and indication. This includes various medical and surgical treatments with a review of dermatome shaving. Lastly, tattoo removal by gold standard YAG lasers and the more recent pico-second lasers is discussed with the optimal therapeutic outcome in mind.
Dermatologists, plastic surgeons, general practitioners, laser surgeons, and other specialists treating tattoo complications will find this book to be an indispensable resource. It also includes information relevant for a broad range of stakeholders in the tattoo business, including authorities and regulators.

A clinical guide for all practitioners
Albeit a very common symptom in dermatology, internal medicine, psychosomatics, neurology, and even oncology, itching was under-researched up until 15 years ago. Since then, the clinical aspects of acute and chronic itch have been examined extensively. As a result, some books on the topic have become available. Whereas most publications focus on experimental aspects and diagnostics, this volume of the series 'Current Problems in Dermatology' provides a comprehensive overview regarding the management of chronic itch.

Select authors consider interdisciplinary aspects as well as age, body region, and specific diseases as they present a great variety of available treatments. All physicians with patients suffering from itch – especially dermatologists, general practitioners, gerontologists, nephrologists, hepatologists, neurologists, and palliative care doctors – will find this publication to be an essential source of information.

Research into perspiration has developed dramatically during the last 15 years, continually improving our understanding of the pathogenesis of sweating disorders. It has become clear that, in addition to its temperature-regulating function, perspiration offers bactericidal protection as well. In this book, select authors further broaden our perspective on perspiration. Contributions cover a variety of new aspects, offering insight into the sweat glands' major role during the onset of disorders such as parapsoriasis, lichen planus, and lichen amyloidosis. They also highlight the importance of Malassezia - an allergen in sweat that exacerbates atopic dermatitis and cholinergic urticarial. Further roles of the sweat glands are discussed, including as storage of stem cells for replenishing epidermal cells in the case of thermal burns or as water retention sites for replenishing moisture in the stratum corneum. In addition, a novel analysis of the sweat glands' three-dimensional structures, using high-speed en-face optical coherence tomography (OCT), is introduced.
Offering an in-depth overview of the latest knowledge in perspiration research, this book serves as an essential reference for all medical staff and researchers in the field.

The concept of expressing acidity as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration was defined and termed pH in the beginning of the 20th century. The general usefulness of the pH concept for life science was recognized and later gained importance to analytical research. Reports on results of pH measurements from living skin established the term acid mantle – the skin’s own protective shield that maintains a naturally acid pH. It is invisible to the eye but crucial to the overall wellbeing of skin. Chronic alkalization can throw this acid mantle out of balance, leading to inflammation, dermatitis, and atopic skin diseases. It is therefore no surprise, that skin pH shifts have been observed in various skin pathologies. It is also obvious that the pH in topically applied preparations may play an important role. Optimal pH and buffer capacity within topical preparations not only support stability of active ingredients and auxiliary materials, but may also increase absorption of the non-ionized species of an acidic or a basic active ingredient. They may even open up opportunities to modify and “correct” skin pH and hence accelerate barrier recovery and maintain or enhance barrier integrity. Further efforts are needed to standardize and improve pH measurements in biological media or pharmaceutical/cosmetic vehicles to increase and ensure quality, comparability, and relevance of research data. In this volume, we present a unique collection of papers that address past, present and future issues of the pH of healthy and diseased skin. It is hoped that this collection will foster future efforts in clinical and experimental skin research.

Although a very fragile structure, the skin barrier is probably one of the most important organs of the body. Inward/out it is responsible for body integrity and outward/in for keeping microbes, chemicals, and allergens from penetrating the skin. Since the role of barrier integrity in atopic dermatitis and the relationship to filaggrin mutations was discovered a decade ago, research focus has been on the skin barrier, and numerous new publications have become available.
This book is an interdisciplinary update offering a wide range of information on the subject. It covers new basic research on skin markers, including results on filaggrin and on methods for the assessment of the barrier function. Biological variation and aspects of skin barrier function restoration are discussed as well. Further sections are dedicated to clinical implications of skin barrier integrity, factors influencing the penetration of the skin, influence of wet work, and guidance for prevention and saving the barrier.
Distinguished researchers have contributed to this book, providing a comprehensive and thorough overview of the skin barrier function. Researchers in the field, dermatologists, occupational physicians, and related industry will find this publication an essential source of information.

The first edition of this volume, published in 2012, has become an indispensable reference for clinicians, a fact that inspired the making of this 2nd edition.
The book starts with a discussion of current achievements and limitations of the medical therapy of glaucoma. The focus is then placed on conventional glaucoma procedures such as trabeculectomy, deep sclerectomy, and glaucoma drainage device surgery. A chapter is dedicated to the postoperative management of filtering procedures. Further chapters review the role of the ocular surface and the issue of modulation of the scarring processes in glaucoma surgery. The second section covers some promising new devices and techniques. The final part addresses the surgical approaches to some specific clinical challenges: angle-closure glaucoma, concomitant cataract and glaucoma, pediatric glaucoma, and refractory glaucomas.
This volume provides residents and general ophthalmologists with valuable new insights into the fascinating and sometimes complex aspects of glaucoma surgery. It will also assist glaucoma specialists when they review and validate therapeutic approaches with their patients.

An essential update of a practical, valuable guide
Since the publication of the first edition of 'Macular Edema - A Practical Approach' in 2010, modern imaging related to the pathophysiology of macular edema has progressed immensely. In particular, optical coherence tomography (OCT) techniques and new approaches, including "en face" OCT and OCT angiography, have become essential methods.
This second, revised and extended edition incorporates the latest developments. It includes discussions of OCT-A imaging for better differential diagnosis and for state-of-the-art imaging figures. It elaborates practice guidelines and treatment algorithms, and also explores the pathophysiological basis of macular edema in detail. It discusses novel and various applications of drug delivery to the posterior segment. The latest peer-reviewed clinical studies are deliberated and real-world data from clinical settings offer additional new insights.
This volume is a practical and useful update for all retina specialists interested in keeping abreast with the rapidly changing developments in the diagnosis and treatment of macular edema.

A state-of-the-art evidenced-based approach to managing all aspects of diabetic retinopathy
Recently developed diagnostic and therapeutic technologies such as OCT-angiography and small gauge vitrectomy have influenced the modern treatment of diabetic retinopathy. This volume provides a summary of the state-of-the-art evidence-based approach to managing complications that may occur with diabetic retinopathy. It offers the latest information on pathogenesis and diagnosis, and highly experienced clinicians review the results of relevant randomized clinical trials that serve as the basis of current therapy. The book provides not only a summary of data from randomized trials but also an analysis and interpretation by internationally renowned experts.

Ophthalmology residents, fellows, and practicing clinicians will find this book to be a useful reference when seeking evidence-based treatment strategies for various complications of diabetic retinopathy. It is also for researchers identifying new avenues of drug developments and for insurance professionals and health care policy administrators who are establishing evidence-based therapy guidelines for therapeutic intervention.

A revolutionary change in the field of retinal and macular diseases
In only a short period of time, the innovative procedure of OCT angiography has become an essential macula imaging technique. Now that it is routinely used in clinical practice, the investigation of retinal and choroidal circulation is non-invasive, which significantly changes the professional’s approach to patients.
In this volume, retina specialists and renowned experts share their experience with OCT angiography. They have included numerous color images and presented current ideas to form a base for further research and discussion. This book provides retina specialists, ophthalmologists, and researchers with a first glance at original research and clinical reports on this new methodology.

Practical and evidence-based guidance on the management of pediatric cataract
This volume presents the latest trends in the management of pediatric cataract. It covers everything from the role of genetic and systemic work-up to the state of the art in surgery. Discussions include ocular modifications after surgery, the incidence and risk factors of post-surgery complications, and the management of complex cases. There is a chapter dedicated to post-aphakic glaucoma, a new insight to visual rehabilitation, and a summary of a recently published Delphi project.
Pediatric ophthalmologists looking for the latest research in the management of cataract will find this publication to be invaluable reading. It will also be useful to general ophthalmologists, residents, and fellows, as well as to medical students and pediatricians who seek an update for daily clinical practice.

From basic research to therapy
The use of pharmacotherapeutics in the management of retinal diseases is rapidly evolving, and a favorable therapy for the patient. Today anti-VEGF agents are used for a range of indications from inflammation-related choroidal neovascularization to macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion or diabetic retinopathy. Beyond VEGF, there is an array of target areas under investigation – not only for vascular pathologies such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic eye disease, but also for degenerative, infectious and inflammatory retinal conditions.
This publication discusses many aspects from basic research on the retina, to animal models for retinal drug delivery, retinal diseases that are amenable to pharmacotherapy and also drugs and mechanisms in retinal diseases. Anyone concerned with the management of retinal diseases - the general ophthalmologist and the retina specialist alike – will find this book indispensable reading.

Dealing with current hot topics, this book aims to provide an update on advances in the treatment of endocrine disorders.
The chapters cover innovative therapeutic approaches to type 1 diabetes, such as artificial pancreas and islet transplantation. Additionally, novel pharmacological interventions for patients with obesity and the metabolic syndrome, as well as with adrenal and gonadal disorders are provided. Furthermore, recent developments in growth-promoting therapies, such as the C-type natriuretic peptide analog to treat achondroplasia, as well as antioxidant and gene replacement therapies in patients with adrenoleukodystrophy, are described.
Worldwide renowned experts share their experience and cutting edge research in Advanced Therapies in Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, which makes it a useful and interesting resource for every pediatric endocrinologist, not only those active in clinical research, but also those involved in the management of children with endocrine diseases in daily practice.

A practical guide to diagnosis and management
There has been a rapid expansion of knowledge in the field of paediatric calcium and bone disorders over the past twenty years. Advances have been made in the underlying genetic basis for many conditions in conjunction with progress in bone density and geometry imaging and the development of new treatment options.
The 2nd revised edition of ‘Calcium and Bone Disorders in Children and Adolescents’ presents up-to-date information on many aspects included in the 1st edition such as the physiology, pathology, diagnosis and management of numerous conditions including a chapter of case histories illustrating clinical aspects. New chapters on skeletal dysplasias, the genetics of osteoporosis, radiological imaging of bone and a practical approach to a child with recurrent fractures are included.
Providing a comprehensive update, this book is a useful clinical resource for paediatricians and specialists in endocrinology, metabolic bone disease, nephrology, rheumatology, radiology, orthopaedics and clinical genetics who may be faced with a child with a calcium and/or bone disorder.

The gut not only represents the largest endocrine organ of the human body but is also profoundly involved in the control of metabolism through peptide hormones. Therefore, gastrointestinal hormones are acting via autocrine, paracrine, and classical endocrine pathways and regulate e.g. digestion, hunger, and satiety. Furthermore, they are important regulators of body weight, growth, and glucose metabolism, as well as of mood and behavior.
Physicians and scientists in the field of pediatric endocrinology and diabetes, as well as in pediatric gastroenterology, require an extensive understanding of the origin of enteroendocrine cells, factors controlling their differentiation, hormone gene expression, secretion, function and, finally, the complex interaction with other organs, especially the central nervous system. In order to meet these needs, experts in the field have written up-to-date, comprehensive, and illustrated reviews presenting the current knowledge in the field of gastrointestinal endocrinology with a pediatric view. Those reviews comprise this latest volume of Endocrine Development.

The latest state of the art in the field of diabetes
The field of diabetes mellitus research is currently characterized by rapid and remarkable growth that has led to the development of significant diagnostic and therapeutic advances. This is very important given the fact that the frequency of the disease continues to increase at alarming rates worldwide.
This new volume is a comprehensive overview of the contemporary state of the art in the field. Experts shed light on a broad range of relevant aspects, from genetic background to topics related to diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy or diabetic nephropathy. This is expanded upon through papers reporting on the present state of diabetes in pregnancy and on the relationship between diabetes and cancer. There is also an inventory of currently used therapeutic tools and a review of novel therapeutic approaches like incretin-based therapies or sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors. Additionally, the latest technological developments such as enhanced features for blood glucose meter or continuous and implantable glucose monitoring devices are included. Providing a concise but comprehensive update, this book will be essential to every clinician involved in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Towards a better understanding and management of pubertal disorders
Puberty is a unique paradigm for the understanding of gene-environment interaction and developmental programming. Therefore, normal and abnormal pubertal development can be divided and examined in three sections: the role of genetic factors, the role of environmental factors (including nutrition) and therapeutic issues in disorders of puberty.
Dealing with all of these sections and framed along current key concepts in pediatric endocrinology, experts share their view on critical issues such as weighting of genetic versus environmental factors or the impact of environmental factors in relation to critical periods in development. Not only showing the consensus and controversial issues in the various areas, each chapter presents lessons for clinical management in an attempt to link basic research, physiology and pathophysiology with the clinical management of pubertal disorders. Puberty from Bench to Clinic bridges up-to-date concepts from animal and human physiology and pathology towards a better understanding and management of pubertal disorders, making it a unique resource for researchers in the field of development and reproduction, clinical scientists and practitioners in neuro-, pediatric and adolescent endocrinology as well as gynecology.

Pediatricians face many questions and challenges during patients’ transition from childhood to adulthood. Chronic diseases justify long-term medical, psychological, educational, and social management. The establishment of networks with adult endocrinologists is, therefore, very important to achieving optimal conditions for a successful transition period.
In this book, leading experts discuss major public health issues such as diabetes and obesity. They also review genetic diseases, including Turner syndrome and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. All clinical cases are presented in a focused way to highlight any issues which might be discussed by the doctor with patients and family. Psychological approaches are debated as are proposals for defining specific tools to encourage autonomy during this life period.
This book is a valuable tool and will be helpful in answering many questions for endocrinologists, adult and pediatric, dedicated to the long-term management of patients with chronic diseases.

Renowned experts share the latest news on corneal surgery
Over the past ten years tremendous progress has been achieved in corneal surgery. This volume – the 6th in the 'ESASO Course Series' – reflects the most relevant topics ranging from basic knowledge to the most advanced techniques. It covers the functional anatomy with medical and surgical management of the ocular surface, provides information on high-risk corneal transplantation and explains techniques such as corneal collagen crosslinking, femtosecond laser-assisted penetrating, deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). Further contributions describe how to manage astigmatism after corneal transplantation as well as indications of intrastroma corneal ring segments (ICRS) in keratoconus.
Well-known corneal and ocular surface surgeons and refractive surgery specialists share their experience in this publication, making it a must-read for every anterior segment surgeon, especially those performing corneal surgery and using corneal refractive procedures.

A practical manual - evidence and consensus based
Promising developments in the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma are giving hope to millions of patients threatened by blindness worldwide. This 8th volume of the 'ESASO Course Series' is a manual containing the lectures from the ESASO glaucoma session held in 2016. Topics range from diagnostic techniques to therapies such as laser treatment, canaloplasty, and phacoemulsification. Antiscarring measures and the risk of glaucoma-related handicap are discussed. The contributors are renowned experts in the field of ophthalmology and the subspecialty of glaucoma.
This easy-to-read text is intended to help solve practical clinical problems. Residents and established ophthalmologists will find it to be a beneficial source of current information.

The introduction of new imaging methods has revolutionized the management of retinal diseases. Techniques like OCT angiography and fundus autofluorescence imaging have enabled the exploration of new perspectives for understanding the progress of diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. Multimodal imaging of the retina will open new avenues for an integrated diagnostic approach in the future.
This publication - like all volumes of the ‘ESASO Course Series’ - summarizes the essentials of the ESASO education courses. It provides an update for retina specialists and imaging technicians. Residents and trainees will also find it to be useful for learning about new imaging techniques.

Recent advances in retinal disease - diagnosis and treatment
In the 'ESASO Course Series' the essentials of the courses of the European School for Advanced Studies in Ophthalmology (ESASO) are made available to interested ophthalmologists, optometrists, technicians, and residents all over the world.
In the seven years since the first edition of this book was published, major advances in diagnostics and management strategies of retinal diseases have evolved.
This updated and revised edition takes this into account and focuses on the significant developments of preferred practice for diabetic retinopathy and dry and neovascular AMD. It further discusses pathology, imaging, and visualization of retinal diseases. In addition it considers biologic disease markers and new drugs being developed.
Medical retina specialists who wish to stay abreast of the constantly changing world of medical retina will find this publication a must-read.

A reliable and comprehensive review of intraocular tumors
Rapid advances in the field of oncology have made the diagnosis and treatment of intraocular tumors more and more complex, therefore requiring equally advanced training and expertise. Early detection and specialized care can have a profound impact on the final outcome, so it is crucial to manage them appropriately.
In this 7th volume of the 'ESASO Course Series', the focus is on ocular tumors, including diagnosis and management. With a strong emphasis on diagnostic aspects, chapters cover and illustrate a variety of intraocular tumors, such as retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma, encountered in children and adults.
This book includes contributions by renowned experts from Europe and the United States. It is a valuable resource for primary care ophthalmologists as well as residents and fellows in the field of ophthalmology.

This volume, written by renowned experts, provides complete coverage of the main genetic conditions associated with diabetes. Divided into five sections, it offers insights into genetic defects involving the pancreatic beta cell, extreme insulin resistance, ciliopathies, obesity and glucose metabolism, chromosomal defects, and other genetic conditions associated with increased susceptibility to diabetes. Other topics include the various subtypes of monogenic diabetes, such as the neonatal form and the Wolfram syndrome, as well as chromosomal defects leading to complex conditions affiliated with diabetes, like Trisomy 21 or Prader-Willi syndrome. There are also chapters dedicated to the poorly explored relationships between metabolism and neurodegenerative disorders like Friedreich’s ataxia and muscular dystrophy.
This book is a reference for every pediatric and adult endocrinologist and diabetologist, even experienced ones, with an interest in the intricacies and protean aspects of disorders of glucose metabolism secondary to genetic diseases.

A novel approach to improve CVD risk stratification
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common microvascular complication, has consistently been shown to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This book provides complete coverage of DR as a potential marker for CVD in those with diabetes. It succinctly reviews the epidemiological and pathogenic links of DR to various cardiovascular events including stroke, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, and mortality. Furthermore, it discusses the usefulness of DR in CVD risk prediction and cardiovascular safety of anti-VEGF therapy in diabetic patients. There are insights from contemporary diabetic trials that demonstrated the enhanced cardiovascular benefit of novel glucose lowering therapy. It also highlights the potential of novel retinal imaging to predict CVD and its risk factors using the state-of-the art artificial intelligence-based deep learning systems.
This book will be an invaluable resource for specialists translating research findings into clinical care, including those in cardiology, endocrinology, ophthalmology, and general practitioners. IT will also be of interest to public health practitioners, researchers, graduate students, and biotech companies interested in developing retinal image-based diagnostic and prognostic tools.

In recent years, "diabetic foot" has become the common name given to chronic complications of diabetes mellitus in the lower limb. This book provides an up-to-date picture of the clinical scenario, the latest understanding of the mechanisms in regard to pathology, the current standards of therapy, and the organizational tasks that a modern approach to such a complex pathology warrants. All contributors have delivered articles that are as informative and straight-to-the point as possible, including not only their own experience in the field, but also giving a wider picture to link each article to the other.
The Diabetic Foot Syndrome is not only relevant to specialists, but also to all the caregivers involved in the management of the patients at risk for developing the pathology, those affected, and those who are at risk of recurrences.

The first comprehensive overview on the topic
The introduction of anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies into the treatment of patients with IBD about fifteen years ago has dramatically improved the quality of life for patients with severe Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. But despite the fact this therapeutic approach has been around for quite some time, there has been no comprehensive overview to date.
The book at hand aims to amend this shortcoming, presenting for the first time a thorough overview on TNF action, mechanisms of anti-TNF therapy, treatment strategies, side effects, monitoring, biosimilars and related issues.
Including state-of-the-art information and research results, this publication will be a valuable source of information and guide clinicians to the optimal treatment decision, improving the quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, rheumatologists or even dermatologists might also find this book of interest.

Top experts on the challenge of hyper- and hypocortisolism management
Disorders associated with cortisol excess and insufficiency, although rare, deserve the attention of the entire medical community because of high associated morbidity and mortality. Both diagnosis and management of hypo- and hypercortisolism are challenging, and disease presentation, at both clinical and laboratory level is not always definite. New tools are available for non-invasive and early diagnosis, and the choice of treatment should be tailored to each patient to improve quality of life through the regulation of the levels and rhythm of hormonal secretion, while limiting complications associated with the disease and therapies.
In this new volume, top experts have contributed chapters on the pathognomonic, epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and laboratory aspects of the various disorders associated with altered cortisol secretion. They also present information on still debated standpoints on management.
Cortisol Excess and Insufficiency is a valuable reference book for those wishing to have a reasoned and broad overview of the pathophysiology and management of disorders associated with hypo- and hypercortisolism.

A translational approach linking pathophysiology to practical clinical recommendations
It is well known that acute, severe hyponatremia is a life-threatening situation. However, there is growing evidence that mild and chronic hyponatremia may also have negative consequences. Gait disturbances, attention deficits, falls and fractures, and bone loss have all been reported, with increased mortality in almost every disease state if the patient is hyponatremic.
This book has been written by key opinion leaders in the field and covers a spectrum of crucial aspects of hyponatremia, including a historical perspective, physiology and pathophysiology of water homeostasis, epidemiology of hyponatremia, and clinical features. A detailed description of all available therapies has been incorporated, with a guide to a clinician’s approach to key therapeutic situations.
Hyponatremia is a topic that encompasses all areas of medicine, so this book will be of interest to specialists such as endocrinologists, nephrologists and internists, but will also be a valuable resource for all clinicians who manage patients with hyponatremia.

The complex endocrine-neuro-immune network condensed into one comprehensive volume
In the last decades, several in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the existence of a very complex network between the neuroendocrine and immune system. Important molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions, in both physiological and pathological conditions, have also been described. Indeed, hormones play a pivotal role in the development and functional regulation of the immune system – both innate and acquired responses. Immune system cells present specific hormone receptors and themselves produce some hormones, thus influencing hormone secretion. More recently, the modulation of hormone secretion has been attempted for treating associated autoimmune disorders, further supporting the strong interplay between the endocrine and immune system.
Distinguished experts, who have published extensively in their fields, have contributed comprehensive chapters to this volume. The focus is on the various aspects of endocrine-neuro-immune connections, providing an updated panorama - from basics to clinical applications - of current knowledge and still debated issues.

Androgen excess and its various effects
Hyperandrogenism profoundly affects women’s lives from lowering self-esteem to changing cognition and affective motivation. The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common androgen excess disorder worldwide. While it is not the focus of this book, some aspects are discussed.
The aim of this book is to improve understanding of androgen excess and its impact on several conditions. Topics include development of adipose tissue in females, insulin sensitivity, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and Cushing’s disease/syndrome. There is also a discussion of PCOS with emphasis on in utero origins and specific genetic and epigenetic factors.
This book provides a wealth of relevant information for every endocrinologist and gynecologist who wants to broaden their knowledge of androgens in various conditions.

Revolutionary changes in medical imaging have enormously improved the ability to detect structural and functional organ alterations early. Imaging is becoming an essential tool - in association with hormonal assays - for the diagnosis and management of endocrine disorders. New contrast media and their application to ultrasounds, as well as the opportunity to merge images acquired by functional/metabolic and traditional techniques, allow characterization of key features of identified lesions. Some radiological techniques such as ultrasonography, CT, and MRI are now available in operating rooms, thus supporting a diagnostic and therapeutic approach to endocrine diseases.
In this new book, distinguished experts have contributed concise and well-illustrated chapters to describe pathognomonic features of several benign and malignant diseases affecting endocrine glands. They review the main advantages and disadvantages of each diagnostic technique along with indications for selecting a method. As a special feature, online videos of dynamic diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are available.
Imaging in Endocrine Disorders is a must read and valuable reference for all professionals dealing with endocrine disorders, including internists and general practitioners who must manage the essential diagnostic workup.

Compelling questions and future directions
Hormonal dysfunction can have a major and often complex impact on all key components of the metabolic syndrome. This book comprises state-of-the-art reviews on the subject written by recognized experts in the field of endocrinology. Each chapter covers specific manifestations associated with the metabolic syndrome in classic endocrine diseases. Compelling questions are highlighted and future directions presented. The topics covered include hypopituitarism, adrenal insufficiency, acromegaly, glucocorticoid excess, androgen excess, hypogonadism, prolactin, and thyroid and parathyroid hormone abnormalities.
This book is meant to inspire subsequent research related to metabolic complications in endocrine diseases, thus enabling early detection as well as prompt and appropriate management.

NET – from contemporary clinical management to controversies and new frontiers
The term ‘carcinoid’ entered medical literature over 100 years ago to describe a peculiar intestinal epithelial neoplasm. Since then, a large body of literature has expanded the concept of carcinoid, later replaced by the term ‘NeuroEndocrine Tumor’ (NET), defining a wide spectrum of peculiar tumors, potentially affecting all organs and tissues, originating from neuroendocrine cells, sharing, but, at the same time, keeping, pathognomonic pathological, radiological and clinical features.
This book provides an authoritative overview of the epidemiological, clinical, genetic, molecular and pathological characteristics of NETs and highlights the most relevant controversial issues in the classification, diagnosis and therapy. Furthermore the new frontiers in the field of medical therapies are presented, through a multidisciplinary and translational approach. Considering the fact that NETs have been recently demonstrated less rare as considered so far, 'Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Multidisciplinary Approach' is a must read for endocrinologists, gastroenterologists, endocrine surgeons, as well as pathologists, nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists focused on NET.

A practical guide to clinical management of parathyroid diseases
This book is devoted exclusively to hyper- and hypoparathyroidism with a focus on clinical practice guidelines explained by experts in the field.
The clinical, genetic, biochemical, and pharmacological aspects of the most common parathyroid conditions are discussed comprehensively. The 15 chapters review the various forms of hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism and present data derived from widely diverse sources. New therapeutic approaches for chronic hypoparathyroidism continue to pique interest in parathyroid diseases and show that more research must be done to optimize care. The aim of this book is to serve as a practical guide to clinical management of common parathyroid conditions and to disseminate knowledge useful to the clinic, both for specialists and general practitioners. Also, under- and postgraduates, specialist nurses, and non-experts in the field will find this book to be a valuable source of current information.

Digging into the complex relationship between physical activity and the endocrine system
This book is an up-to-date, extensive overview of the effects of physical activity and training on endocrine function. It gives insights into a complex relationship by describing effects with respect to exercise performance, growth, development, and ageing. It includes discussions of the endocrine response depending on exercise mode, intensity, and duration as well as on gender, age, and fitness level. Additionally the book deals with the impact of environmental and psychological factors on endocrine level.
A substantial part of Sports Endocrinology is devoted to the 'hot topic' of hormonal doping in sports. The properties of androgens, growth hormone, erythropoietin, and dietary supplements are highlighted. The use and abuse among professional and recreational athletes is discussed and specific methods of detection are presented and explained.
All contributors are well-known experts in sports medicine and endocrinology, endocrine physiology, pharmacology, and doping detection, so this book is a must-read for every professional involved in the field.

New evidence-based insights and developments
Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent today not only among the elderly but pervasively throughout all ages of life.This is due, in part, to systemic diseases that affect vitamin D metabolism, to changes in lifestyle, such as insufficient exposure to sunlight, and to increased use of sunscreen. Apart from the obvious effects of vitamin D deficiency on skeletal metabolism, the problem is assuming even greater significance because observational and interventional studies have linked vitamin D deficiency to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes.

This book addresses a variety of important issues that have emerged from this fast-moving area of clinical medicine. The topics include assays of vitamin D and its binding protein, effects on aging and associated complications, primary and secondary states of altered parathyroid hormone secretion, vitamin D in the growing years of children and adolescents, nutritional requirements, and vitamin D as it relates to systemic disorders such as diabetes mellitus.

Vitamin D in Clinical Medicine aims to offer new insights, in an evidence-based way, on important issues related to vitamin D. It is written for general practitioners and internists, as well as for endocrinologists, nutritionists, pulmonologists, cardiologists, and oncologists.

The evolution of a medical "specialty"
Neuropsychology has become a very important aspect for neurologists in clinical practice as well as in research. Being a specialized field in psychology, its long history is based on different historical developments in brain science and clinical neurology. In this volume, we want to show how present concepts of neuropsychology originated and were established by outlining the most important developments since the end of the 19th century. The articles of this book that cover topics such as aphasia, amnesia and dementia show a great multicultural influence due to an editorship and authorship that spans all developmental initiatives in Europe, Asia, and America.
This book gives a better understanding of the development of higher brain function studies and is an interesting read for neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, neurosurgeons, historians, and anyone else interested in the history of neuropsychology.

Intracranial atherosclerosis is a leading cause of stroke in Asians and Africans. As these ethnic groups account for more than 70% of the world’s population, it is in fact the major cause of ischemic stroke worldwide.
This timely book provides readers with up-to-date knowledge of intracranial atherosclerosis, covering vascular anatomy, pathology, epidemiology, stroke mechanisms and syndromes, diagnostic methods as well as treatment strategies such as antithrombotics, angioplasty/stenting and surgery. Furthermore, nonatherosclerotic intracranial arterial diseases like Moyamoya disease, dissection, vasculitis and other miscellaneous disorders are extensively discussed.
Experts from both East and West present the latest findings from cutting-edge research and discuss controversial topics from different yet balanced points of view, allowing readers to form their own unbiased opinion on these issues. With this approach, the book serves as a useful and stimulating guide on the diagnosis and management of intracranial atherosclerosis for neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists and vascular interventionists.

After a period in which neurology and psychiatry have become more and more defined, neurologists’ interest in psychiatric topics, and vice versa, has increased. This book provides readers with an overview of the most representative neuropsychiatric syndromes such as Ganser and Capgras syndromes. It fills an existing gap in current literature and reintroduces a clinical approach. Additionally, there is a historical perspective throughout time with a focus on the most relevant clinical syndromes, offering distinct value to readers. With this approach, the book serves as a useful and stimulating guide on the diagnosis and management of neurologic psychiatric syndromes. It is for neurologists, neurosurgeons, psychiatrists, and all others interested in neuropsychiatric topics because these syndromes also called 'uncommon' may in fact be more frequent than the literature suggests.

After a period in which neurology and psychiatry have become more and more defined, neurologists’ interest in psychiatric topics, and vice versa, has increased. This book provides readers with an overview of the most representative neuropsychiatric syndromes such as Ganser and Capgras syndromes. It fills an existing gap in current literature and reintroduces a clinical approach. Additionally, there is a historical perspective throughout time with a focus on the most relevant clinical syndromes, offering distinct value to readers. With this approach, the book serves as a useful and stimulating guide on the diagnosis and management of neurologic psychiatric syndromes. It is for neurologists, neurosurgeons, psychiatrists, and all others interested in neuropsychiatric topics because these syndromes also called 'uncommon' may in fact be more frequent than the literature suggests.

Creative minds influenced by neurological and psychiatric diseases
In this fourth volume of the popular series 'Neurological Disorders in Famous Artists' we once again delve into the minds of writers, painters, and poets in order to gain better insight on how neurological and psychiatric diseases can influence creativity.
The issue of schizophrenia, the interaction between psychological instability and drug abuse, and the intricate association between organic wounds and shell-shock disorders are illustrated with the examples of Franz Kafka, Raymond Roussel, and Louis-Ferdinand Céline and their writings.
Dementia has been specifically studied before, including in the previous volumes of Neurological Disorders in Famous Artists. It is revisited here in order to present the striking and well-documented case of Willem de Kooning, which inspired a new approach.
Apart from issues that sometimes border on neuropsychiatry, purer neurological cases such as post-amputation limb pain (Arthur Rimbaud) or tabetic ataxia (Edouard Manet) are presented as well. Other fascinating life trajectories associated with cerebral or psychological changes include those of the writers Bjornsen, Tolstoi, Turgeniev, Mann, Ibsen, and Pavese.

Introducing a new era in acute stroke care
The age-standardized mortality rate for hemorrhagic stroke has decreased worldwide over the past two decades, but incidence, number of deaths, and lost disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) continue to increase. Moreover, hemorrhagic stroke occurs half as frequently globally as ischemic stroke, but causes significantly more deaths and lost DALY.
Milestone studies of the past decade - STICH, FAST, and INTERACT2 - indicate the importance of hyperacute care for intracerebral hemorrhage; despite this, there is to date no established strategy for patients analogous to reperfusion therapy for ischemic stroke.
This book, written by world-renowned experts, covers all current topics related to the diagnosis and management of intracerebral hemorrhage. It will contribute to an improved understanding of current and future aspects concerning optimal management of patients. This is a comprehensive, up-to-date resource for neurologists, neurosurgeons and trainees.

Getting neurological patients on the right drug with the right dose at the right time
Most neurological disorders are chronic and aging-related. With the increase of life expectancy their incidence and prevalence will grow in the decades to come, which in turn will increase the load on medical and social systems worldwide. There is thus a desperate need for successful preventive and therapeutic measures based on randomized clinical trials (RTCs) conducted by independent organizations.
This book provides a compendium relating most of the principles of reliable RTCs to specific neurological diseases. Contributed by specialized neurologists, the articles touch on important aspects of RCTs with a clear critical approach, highlighting their limitations as well as giving recommendations for their planning and conducting to address the variable genotypic and phenotypic aspects of neurological conditions. Consideration is also given to combining the clinical impact of the study results with patients’ values and the interests of pharmaceutical companies.
Neurologists involved in clinical trials will certainly benefit from this book, which should become a basic text for all neurological courses dealing with evidence-based neurology.

A medico-historical approach to neurology through war
Interest in the history of neurological science has increased significantly during the last decade, but the significance of war has been overlooked in related research. In contrast, this book highlights war as a factor of progress in neurological science. Light is shed on this little-known topic through accounts given by neurologists in war, experiences of soldiers suffering from neurological diseases, and chapters dedicated to neurology in total and contemporary war.
Written by experts, the contributions in this book focus on the Napoleonic Wars, the American Civil War, the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, World Wars I and II, and recent conflicts such as Vietnam or Afghanistan.
Comprehensive yet concise and accessible, this book serves as a fascinating read for neurologists, neurosurgeons, psychiatrists, historians, and anyone else interested in the history of neurology.

A unique insight into biomaterials highlighting recent trends, challenges and future directions
The majority of the global population is affected by repair or replacement of craniofacial structures caused by tooth decay or loss as well as major craniofacial defects, necessitating complex tissue augmentation or regeneration procedures.
As a result of exciting developments and the increasing number of novel biomaterials and different clinical applications, it is extremely important to understand these biomaterials and their design. This publication integrates the application of biomaterials science and describes the recent advances, the role of cutting-edge biomaterials in engineering oral tissues, surface modification technologies, the emerging field of nanomaterials and clinical translation showing future directions in oral and craniomaxillofacial health care.
Researchers active in dental, medical and biomaterials sciences, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, dentists, tissue engineers as well as materials scientists will find valuable information on the latest progress and novel approaches as will all those who are looking for better solutions to the problems associated with facial deformities.

Provides answers on how to face this emerging challenge
Frailty represents an important challenge for aging populations. As a concept it is full of 'known unknowns' such as which mechanisms lead to frailty and how it is best managed. In order to examine these circumstances, the new science of understanding and managing frailty requires an appropriate framing of the problem. This publication investigates the biology and management of frailty and its social aspects. It considers these and related questions: How can we recognize frailty? How does an understanding of frailty increase our comprehension of the aging process? What are its implications for health care systems, including primary care, hospitals and rehabilitation? How will a growing number of frail older adults affect society more generally? The book focuses on frailty as a state of vulnerability, which is related to aging, but which can occur across the life course, and aims to improve the life of frail people and those around them.
The book is highly recommended to researchers in aging, health science researchers, health care professionals and anyone interested in the understanding of the aging process.

Understanding the evolving complexities of HIV in older adults
Despite decades of attention on building a global HIV research and programming agenda, HIV in older populations has generally been neglected until recently. This new book focuses on HIV and aging in the context of ageism with regard to prevention, treatment guidelines, funding, and the engagement of communities and health and social service organizations. The lack of perceived HIV risk in late adulthood among older people themselves, as well on the part of providers and society in general, has led to a lack of investment in education, testing, and programmatic responses. Ageism perpetuates the invisibility of older adults and, in turn, renders current medical and social service systems unprepared to respond to patients’ needs. While ageism may lead to some advantages – discounts for services, for example – it is the negative aspects that must be addressed when determining the appropriate community-level response to the epidemic.

Gives a fundamental overview of the most recent knowledge
Accurate and exhaustive, this book provides a wide overview of the current knowledge on phenotypes, mechanisms and treatment of autism spectrum disorders. It covers topics on diagnostic issues, comorbid conditions and therapeutic strategies along with a detailed discussion on the actual understanding of the pathophysiology of autism disorders. More specifically, this book reviews in detail the current knowledge on the comorbidity between mental and medical disorders, describes abnormal cognitive and social development and gives a thorough overview on genetic as well as brain imaging abnormalities observed in autism spectrum disorders. In addition, the current literature on environmental risk factors which may provide an explanation for the increased prevalence of autism is being described. The last chapter gives an extensive review of early detection and early therapeutic interventions encompassing psycho-social and pharmacological strategies.
Each chapter is easy to read and gives the reader access to the most important information on each topic covered. This book provides innovative reading material for medical students, psychologists, researchers and clinicians who need accurate information on the best available diagnostic and therapeutic strategies as well as on up-to-date research data.

An evidence-based scientific overview
This new volume reviews early detection approaches and possible subsequent interventions for psychosis. After introductory chapters, various methods for early detection not only in adults, but also adolescents are described. In this context, the validity of the psychosis high-risk state is debated along with whether early detection is indeed helpful, or actually stigmatizing, for the patient. Further contributions review neuroimaging, including structural and functional MRI, as well as pattern recognition methods and measurement of connectivity abnormalities. Neurocognitive and neurophysiological assessments are also discussed in detail. The last part focuses on early intervention for emerging psychosis, including psychological methods, non-pharmacological substances and pharmacological treatments. Overall conclusions and future perspectives are provided in a final chapter.
This book is a state-of-the-art review of current options. It is important reading for researchers and clinicians faced with recognizing and treating psychosis in the most timely and effective manner possible.

Doping represents the dark side of amateur and professional sports – in order to protect athletes around the globe, anti-doping rules are continuously revised and improved. This publication reviews the current regulatory framework, scientific aspects, future approaches, and social and ethical dimensions of the fight against doping in sport. Prominent experts on the implementation of anti-doping strategies, as well as leading researchers in science and medicine, have contributed to this publication. In keeping with its interdisciplinary origin, the book is intended for athletes, coaches, students, scientists, anti-doping officials, and all others interested in anti-doping and sports. Ranging from legal and educational to scientific and medical issues, this collection emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach and the importance of preventative strategies in the fight against doping in sports.

An integrated and holistic understanding of sports and exercise genomics
This second edition of Genetics and Sports expands on topics previously discussed in an attempt to create an integrated and holistic understanding of the field of sports genomics. It is an update on technologies and on the role of genetics in training, performance, injury, and other exercise-related phenotypes. Ethical concerns and the importance of counselling before and after genetic testing are also addressed.
It is increasingly important to understand the field of genetics and sports because of the potential to use and misuse information. All exercise scientists, sport and exercise clinicians, athletes, and coaches need to be adequately informed to ensure that genetic information is accurately and properly used. Genetics and Sports is, therefore, highly recommended to all of these groups.

Improved diagnosis and treatment through better understanding
In this volume, international experts critically review cutting-edge advances in neuroprogression research. The relevance of these findings to psychiatric and neurological disorders is clarified. Potential etiopathological mechanisms of neuroprogression are described in detail. Special emphasis is placed on the role of the immune system in stress and stress-related disorders and brain-immune interactions. The epigenetic consequences of adverse experiences in early childhood, which may prelude major psychiatric disorders, are also considered.
Recent research has not only provided evidence of neuroprogression in psychiatric and neurological disorders, but has shown that pharmacologic interventions have the potential to arrest this process. Advances in testing and imaging will lead to timely diagnosis and earlier treatment. Identification of neurological mechanisms alongside (epi-)genetic vulnerability markers will create truly personalized treatment programs.
This book is a valuable resource for everyone who wishes to gain insight into the essential features of the neuroprogressive course of major psychiatric and neurological disorders. In particular, psychiatrists, neuroscientists and neurologists ¬ as well as immunologists, pharmacologists and molecular biologists - will find very informative chapters of direct relevance to their field.

State-of-the-art reviews on the complex interplay between pain and psychiatric disorders
This book offers a series of authoritative reviews on pain in psychiatric disorders written by leading experts. They discuss the complex interplay between pain and psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression and borderline personality disorder, as well as neurosteroids, epigenetic mechanisms and TRPV1, with a strong focus on neurobiological mechanisms and current and future therapeutic targets. Special attention is given to the importance of inflammation and the immune system as a common substrate in both pain and psychiatric disorders.
The state-of-the-art reviews present both preclinical and clinical research, providing the reader with sound knowledge that provides a basis for further research and clinical practice. Pain in Psychiatric Disorders is of special interest to psychiatrists, neurologists, neuroscientists, pharmacologists and other healthcare professionals treating pain in psychiatric patients, as well as research students with an interest in this field.

A well-illustrated, straightforward reference for medical practitioners
Breast cytopathology is a field characterized by practicality and diagnostic efficacy. This book focuses mainly on morphology, with helpful hints for recognizing benign lesions and the main features of malignancy. It reviews specific features of various lesions and the consequences of the diagnosis for the management of the patient.
Each chapter contains high-quality cytology images accompanying the descriptions, including comparison images to distinguish the most important morphological features and to help in the differential diagnosis. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) sampling and preparation technique, fixation, staining, and principles of its interpretation are covered. Immunocytochemistry and ancillary techniques are outlined, as well as the main clinical and radiological features of breast lesions, and the cytological diagnostics of axillary lymph nodes.
This publication will be of great use to medical practitioners in their first approach to breast cytopathology, as well as to pathologists and cytotechnicians with little to moderate experience in the field.

A practical guide for modern cytologic diagnosis
Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been commonly used to follow up on previously treated sarcomas or to confirm soft tissue and bone metastases of carcinomas, melanomas or lymphomas. Its role as the first-line approach in the diagnosis of primary soft tissue and bone tumors has increased due to progress of less invasive diagnostic procedures and the growing availability of diagnostic ancillary tests.
This comprehensive and richly-illustrated volume presents cytomorphology of all common neoplastic soft tissue and bone lesions but also of rare tumors largely described in case reports. Key points for cytological features, differential diagnosis, and the use of ancillary tests are discussed and illustrated in order to facilitate the diagnostic work-up in FNA samples.
The volume is organized on the basis of the most recent WHO classification used in surgical pathology in order to provide a practical guide for modern cytologic diagnosis of surgical soft tissue and bone pathology. It is aimed mainly at surgical pathologists and cytopathologists, but also at orthopedic surgeons and clinical oncologists.

A broad treatise on the complex genetic causes of human infertility
Infertility affects more than one in ten couples worldwide and is related to highly heterogeneous pathologies sometimes only discernible in the germ line. Its complex etiology often, but not always, includes genetic factors besides anatomical defects, immunological interference, and environmental aspects. Nearly 30% of infertility cases are probably caused only by genetic defects. Thereby experimental animal knockout models convincingly show that infertility can be caused by single or multiple gene defects.
Translating those basic research findings into clinical studies is challenging, leaving genetic causes for the vast majority of infertility patients unexplained. Nevertheless, a large number of candidate genes have been revealed by sophisticated molecular methods.
This book provides a comprehensive overview on the subject of infertility written by the leading authorities in this field. It covers topics including basic biological, cytological, and molecular studies, as well as common and uncommon syndromes. It is a must-read for human geneticists, endocrinologists, epidemiologists, zoologists, and counsellors in human genetics, infertility, and assisted reproduction.

Guidelines for pathologists devoted to Lymph Node FNC
This well-illustrated monograph presents a comprehensive description of Fine-Needle Cytology (FNC), including technical procedures and ancillary techniques, applied to the lymph node (LN). Possibilities and limitations are highlighted to produce accurate cytological diagnosis of LN and cytological criteria, and to be exploited for extra-nodal lymphoproliferative processes.
The normal LN structure and corresponding cytological patterns are described. Cytological, phenotypical, and molecular features are reviewed along with diagnostic criteria for various medical conditions such as lymphadenitis and lymphadenopathies, Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, pediatric lymphoadenopaties, immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, extra-nodal lymphoproliferative processes, metastases, and other non-lymphomatous processes.
LN-FNC requires knowledge of hemathopathology and imaging techniques, as well as dexterity with FNC performing, smearing, and material management. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE), the choice of ancillary techniques and molecular procedures case by case are required to produce accurate and comprehensive diagnosis. This book will help cytopathologists to conduct these tasks in various organs and clinical contexts.
LN-FNC requires knowledge of hemathopathology and imaging techniques, as well as dexterity with FNC performing, smearing, and material management. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE), the choice of ancillary techniques and molecular procedures case by case are required to produce accurate and comprehensive diagnosis. This book will help cytopathologists to conduct these tasks in various organs and clinical contexts.

Genetics of Deafness offers a journey through areas crucial for understanding the causes and effects of hearing loss. It covers such topics as the latest approaches in diagnostics and deafness research and the current status and future promise of gene therapy for hearing restoration. The book begins by bringing attention to how hearing loss affects the individual and society. Methods of hearing loss detection and management throughout the lifespan are highlighted as is a particularly new development in newborn hearing screening. The challenges of hearing loss, an extremely heterogeneous impairment, are addressed. Additional topics include current research interests, ranging from novel gene identification to their functional validation in the mouse and zebrafish. The book ends with a chapter on the state of the art of gene therapy—an area that is certain to gain increasing attention as molecular mechanisms of deafness are better understood.
Genetics of Deafness, written by leading authors in the field, is a must read for clinicians, researchers, and students. It provides much needed insight into the diagnosis and research of hereditary hearing loss.

An update on one of the most relevant topics in dental medicine
Currently there is no reason, in most cases of cavitated caries lesions, to remove affected tissue. This book presents evidence-based research on the topic and provides assessments of diagnostic devices. It offers new insights into how a dentine carious cavity can be managed by either tissue removal or restoration. Methods for preserving dental tissue are presented and ample evidence highlights the need to seal with a quality restorative material. An update on how to conduct a randomized clinical trial is followed by a chapter on agreed upon terminology for supporting improved communication among oral health professionals around the world.
This is a must-read for general practitioners, restorative specialists, dental students, and oral hygienists/therapists.

A timely issue increasingly affecting the oral health balance
Case reports and clinical trials conducted in various countries show, more and more frequently, a positive correlation between the presence of original teeth and prevalence of root caries in older age. Because this is a global trend, it is likely that the predicted increase in the worldwide elderly population may soon cause a significant increase in the number of people requiring effective means of preventing and treating root surface caries.
In response to this development, a team of outstanding contributors has reviewed the most important aspects of root caries. This new volume presents their findings along with discussions of how to deal with this health issue that progressively affects the oral health balance.
The chapters in this book are divided in four core parts: Epidemiology, Biological Determinants, Lesion Assessment and Features and Preventive and Operative Therapies.
The collection of state-of-the-art articles provides a broad overview and will serve as a reference for clinicians as well as scientists and, hopefully, will encourage new research.

The complementary feeding period from 6 to 24 months is a crucial part of the first 1000 days of development. It marks the transition from exclusively milk-based liquid diet to the family diet and self-feeding. During this period, healthy food preferences and feeding practices are formed.
The papers in this book were presented at the 87th Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop in Singapore, May 2016. Divided into three parts, they provide updates and recommendations, as well as insights into strategies and interventions, from all around the world. The first part addresses the role of complementary feeding in healthy development, focusing on food types and the timing of solid food introduction. The second part examines determinants of growth restriction and discusses effective interventions in infants and children in low- and middle-income countries. The last part focuses on development and 'programming' of behavioral and psychological aspects to prevent childhood obesity in high socioeconomic settings.

A truly interdisciplinary approach
The demographic shift in the average age of the population worldwide calls for careful attention to the nutritional and health needs of the elderly. Frailty has been associated with increased disability, postsurgical complications and increased mortality; in a frail state, older adults are at greater risk for adverse outcomes, including falls and admissions to hospital and nursing homes. Despite the strong associations between frailty and subsequent poor outcomes, limited attention to this common geriatric condition has been paid in clinical settings.
Emerging evidence suggests that both behavioral (nutrition and physical activity) and pharmacologic interventions may be effective in the treatment and prevention of the frailty syndrome. The papers in this book address our current understanding of the biological basis, clinical presentation and therapeutic interventions that target frailty. They highlight the transitional nature of research on the frailty syndrome and identified key unmet needs and areas for future investigation in this expanding field.

Human milk contains all of the essential nutrients and other functional components thought to have short- and long-term neonatal health benefits, such as positive biological effects on growth, metabolism, cognition, and immunity.
This publication brings together the world’s experts who touch on the spectrum of current knowledge, from the history and mechanics of breastfeeding, its physiological and clinical effects, to the new surprises revealed by metabolomics and comparative biology. One of the key points made is that human milk is not only a source of essential nutrients, but also contains a variety of bioactive substances. These include essential microbes, long-chain fatty acids, complex oligosaccharides, nucleotides, and bioactive signaling proteins and hormones.
This book provides clinicians and researchers with useful insights from multiple perspectives on the various aspects of human milk and lactation.

An analysis of the effects of early microbial colonization
The intestinal microbiome is especially important during the first thousand days of life. Exposure to microbes in utero significantly impacts fetal development, in part through epigenetic processes and in part through hormonal influences which cause a change in the mother's intestinal microbiome. The nature of delivery and perinatal antibiotic treatment, as well as diet (especially in the postpartum period), can also influence initial microbial colonization and the development of appropriate intestinal defense mechanisms. These, in turn, can affect the expression of allergy, autoimmune disease, and brain function, among other things, later in life.
The first part of this publication focuses on the development of the human microbiome in utero and the importance of normal colonization of the newborn gut in immune development and disease prevention. The second section deals with the normal development of gut microbiota and with clinical conditions associated with dysbiosis. The final chapters cover various aspects of human milk evolution and oligosaccharides.

Epidemiology, needs and possible actions
Low birthweight, caused by premature birth, poor intrauterine growth, or both, is known to be a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality risks in the first year of life and beyond. It has to be born in mind, though, that premature infants may need different clinical and nutritional interventions and are at risk for different morbidities than those small for gestational age.
This publication focuses on three main subjects: Global epidemiology, catch-up growth, and feeding practices. These topics have been selected to provide a solid contextual basis for the nature and extent of the problem, highlighting changes in prevalence and risk across different healthcare settings: The available data strongly suggest that growth outcomes are dependent on a multitude of environmental factors that interact with nutrient intakes.
Epidemiology, modern technology and the latest science are brought together to promote a better understanding of the short- and long-term needs and outcomes of low-birthweight babies, depending on whether they are born too small or too early.

There are only a few areas in human nutrition and metabolism where biomarkers are routinely used to predict health and functional outcome. For instance, of the four major nutritional deficiencies, only iron deficiency can be precisely diagnosed by employing biomarkers. They therefore play a limited role in research and decision making, and intervention strategies are still mostly targeted at the population level. What is needed at this stage are biomarkers that are predictive of later functional health and that stay stable from infancy to childhood and adult health. Moreover, individual variability must be considered, taking into account the complexity of foods, lifestyle, and metabolic processes that contribute to health or disease. These factors present significant challenges when it comes to personalizing dietary advice for healthy or diseased individuals.
This book focuses on the values and limitations of traditional nutritional biomarkers and on opportunities for new biomarkers. Contributions are divided into three parts: Methodologies with regard to global epidemiology; applications/end users, and future horizons. The main goal is to review recent developments and predict how exciting new technologies could be used to drive advances in nutrition-related health care.

Nutrition during infancy and childhood is the basis of an individual’s health in later life. It plays an important role in metabolic programming, physiological growth, and cognition. Diet and eating behavior can provide important insights as food choices and dietary habits go hand in hand with nutrition.
This book highlights the importance of childhood diets, eating behaviors, and their potential impacts on development and health. The first part examines the development of taste in infants: It shows how taste preferences are shaped in utero and throughout weaning, and how they guide the individual’s later food choices. The second part focuses on what children really eat in different parts of the world. FITS (Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study) and KNHS (Kids Nutrition and Health Study) provide a glimpse into the diets of children around the world, identifying nutrition gaps and potential areas for intervention. The last part deals with breakfast and its significance as the most important meal of the day.
The insights presented in this book provide valuable information for policy makers, researchers, and health care professionals.

There is ample evidence that early-life nutrition plays a powerful role in programming a person's development, metabolism and health for the future. Optimizing early nutrition may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, allergies, diabetes and obesity, and positively influence immune function as well as cognitive and behavioral outcomes later in life. The first part of this book covers the impact of nutrition on the immune system, the role of gut microbiota in the immune status, as well as the prevention and management of food allergies in children. The second part is dedicated to obesity prevention: experts in epigenetics and metabolic programming share scientific evidence on the use of biomarkers for predicting the risk of early obesity. They also discuss potential strategies for interrupting intergenerational cycles of obesity during pregnancy, early infancy and childhood. The last part covers complementary feeding and its importance in short- and long-term health, and how it can affect behavioral and psychological aspects, as well as food preferences in later life.

Protein plays a vital role in growth and development and is able to 'program' healthy growth by influencing gene methylation for positive long-term health outcomes. The understanding of these mechanisms is critical to support and improve the health of future generations in both the short and long term.The first part of this book reviews the role of hydrolyzed proteins in infant feeding and the evidence-based benefits of their use in non-breastfed infants at risk of allergy and in infants with functional gastrointestinal disorders. The second part focuses on human milk and its potential alternatives in the feeding of healthy term infants. The final section is dedicated to preterm infants, their nutrition needs, and physiological capacities to ingest adequate amounts of protein for appropriate growth and development.
Presenting the latest scientific findings on protein in early nutrition, this publication provides essential reading for pediatricians and researchers alike.

As nutrition and development are closely intertwined in early childhood, this book brings together scientists, nutritionists, and psychologists to present a multidisciplinary approach.
The first part examines how the biological systems of the body may contribute to healthy growth, looking at bones, muscles, and fat tissues and the optimal nutrition required for dynamic function. The second section contains updates on the latest research on dietary interventions in the areas of growth and body composition, looking at both obesity and stunting worldwide. The final part focuses on neurocognitive development in infancy and early childhood and the role of nutrients in supporting brain growth and function.
Highlighting key areas of recent research and potential new fields to explore, this book is of interest for scientists, nutritionists, and psychologists alike.

A helpful guide for the practitioner
Although of vital importance, nutrition is still a neglected issue in medical curricula - a fact that this book is aiming to remedy by addressing topics ranging from basic physiology to the implementation of nutritional practices in the hospital as well as in the home setting. Papers discuss the morbidity and mortality caused by malnutrition, the nutritional requirements as well as beneficial effects on the gut of enteral nutrition, the noncaloric benefits of fibers or nutritional support during cancer treatment. Also considered are nutritional therapy for critically ill patients, perioperative nutritional intervention, management of the metabolic syndrome, the biological value of protein, the benefits and hazards of parenteral nutrition in patients with intestinal failure, and the role of nutrition in frailty of aged people.
This book provides expert knowledge that will help the practitioner to make appropriate choices to implement nutritional practices that benefit he population at large as well as clinical patients.

Pointing in new directions both in obesity research and clinical care
Despite the fact that the prevalence of obesity in early childhood has been stable and is no longer increasing in many developed and industrialized countries, the incidence of both obesity and full-blown metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents is still very high. Obesity is a major disease burden in all societies and needs to be prevented early in life. New approaches are eagerly sought and absolutely necessary.
This book presents a comprehensive and state-of-the-art summary of current and new knowledge in this critical field. Crucial issues such as nutrition and genetics are described in detail. In addition, new ideas such as e-health and the consequences of urban living conditions are explored. Last but not least, modern treatment concepts and prevention even at an early age are competently discussed.
Offering a valuable update on new developments in obesity research and the treatment in children and adolescents, this book is essential reading for all pediatricians and health-care professionals who look after young patients on a regular basis.

A unique source for reference data
Pediatric epidemiology differs substantially from general epidemiology especially when it comes to ethical, developmental and societal aspects.
This unique book addresses biological considerations and ethical and legal questions in dealing with pediatric and adolescent populations. Classic topics, such as how to recruit representative samples, how to deal with confounding variables, and how to work with genetic information are the core areas of the book are also in focus. Last but not the least, this volume adds to the current understanding of global trends in occurrence, transmission, and control of epidemic pediatric diseases.
This book not only serves as a textbook for epidemiologists, pediatricians, geneticists, and child and public health specialists but is also a key reference for those embarking on pediatric cohort studies and epidemiological studies involving the pediatric population.

Neuroblastoma is a tumor derived from the sympathetic nervous system. It is the most common extracranial solid tumor occurring in children and exhibits a marked variability in outcome when the disease is categorized by clinical (e.g. age or stage) and biologic characteristics. This book gives an introduction into the clinical features of progressive neuroblastoma and focuses on molecular-targeted therapies and immunotherapies of this disease.
It has become increasingly clear that MYCN (v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog) holds a key position in neuroblastic transformation and gene expression in normal and transformed cells. In the 14 chapters important topics such as genomic alterations in neuroblastoma and strategies for indirect molecular targeting of MYCN are discussed. Two chapters, for example, review apoptotic pathways and proapoptotic molecular targets in neuroblastoma, one focusing on the p53 pathway and the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Other chapters cover topics related to immunology in neuroblastoma, such as immune regulation in neuroblastoma, immunotherapy related to passive and active vaccination approaches and additional immunotherapy in the treatment of progressive disease.
This volume will be essential reading for all clinicians and basic researchers who are involved in delivering health care to patients with progressive neuroblastoma.

This book summarizes the current state of movement disorder management and the role of surgical therapies as an alternative to medication.
Following a chapter on the history of movement disorder surgery, leaders in their fields describe the pathophysiology, functional neuroanatomy, clinical presentation, and medical management of Parkinson’s disease, dystonia, and essential tremor. This is followed by chapters on the spectrum of movement disorder surgery itself, from the lesioning procedures of radiofrequency ablation, stereotactic radiosurgery, and high-frequency ultrasound to the modulatory procedures of “asleep”, image-guided deep brain stimulation (DBS) and “awake”, microelectrode-guided DBS. The final chapters focus on closed-loop DBS, drug-delivery, gene therapy, and other emerging neurosurgical therapies, highlighting long-standing experimental strategies that are reaching exciting phases of clinical translation.
This volume is a valuable tool for accessing the wide spectrum of concepts that currently define this dynamic field.

Modern principles of surgery
Aggressive surgical removal is generally considered the main initial management option for most intracranial gliomas. It often results in resolution or alleviation of neurological symptoms and signs, normalizes intracranial pressure, facilitates characterization of the neoplasm, creates optimal conditions for adjuvant therapy and neurorehabilitation, and leads to prolongation of progression-free and overall survival of patients. Leading experts in neurosurgical oncology have contributed to this volume, highlighting modern principles of surgery for both newly-diagnosed and recurrent intracranial gliomas in adult as well as pediatric patients. The first of a three-volume set, it details epidemiological aspects, defines the importance of preoperative imaging, and describes current perioperative adjuvant needs. In addition, contemporary methods of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, the value of brain mapping for functional preservation, tips to prevent complications, and postoperative results are presented and discussed.
This book and its accompanying volumes are mainly directed at neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists and other clinicians treating patients with brain tumors.

A unique review of adjuvant treatment options
Treatment of patients with intracranial gliomas, especially high-grade neoplasms, usually requires postoperative adjuvant therapy. Significant progress in the understanding of tumor biology, technological advances in irradiation delivery, and development of novel antitumor drugs have led to an expansion of the therapeutic arsenal in neuro-oncology.
This publication provides a unique review of the various options for adjuvant therapy. Special emphasis is on current evidence-based treatment standards and guidelines, and on perspectives of further improvement in long-term outcomes. Chapters review the histopathological and molecular features of gliomas and describe basic principles and clinical results of fractionated radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, brachytherapy, use of radiosensitizers, systemic chemotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy. Particular attention is paid to treatment of pediatric patients and to physical and psychological rehabilitation and supportive care at the end of life.
This book and its accompanying volumes are mainly directed at neuro-oncologists, radiation oncologists, and other clinicians treating patients with brain tumors.

A review of novel therapeutic modalities
At present most intracranial gliomas are considered incurable with current treatment strategies, and the search for new modalities that may effectively control tumor growth continues. The chapters in this volume describe basic principles and therapeutic possibilities of several innovative techniques, including photodynamic therapy, laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy, stereotactic cryodestruction, high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation, boron neutron capture therapy, proton and carbon ion irradiation, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, local chemotherapy, and alternating electric fields therapy. Potential applications of extracellular vesicles and nanotechnology for management of gliomas are highlighted as well. Many of these methods have already demonstrated antitumor efficacy in clinical testing, whereas others are still under development.
The materials presented in this book are mainly directed at clinicians treating patients with brain tumors, as well as clinical and basic researchers working in the field of neuro-oncology.

A valuable overview on state-of-the-art radiosurgery technology
Since its introduction 52 years ago, Leksell radiosurgery has become a widely applied technique for the management of a diverse group of vascular, neoplastic, and functional disorders.
This publication presents an update on state-of-the-art radiosurgery technology, including outcomes, by the pioneers in the field. Experts have contributed chapters on various topics. They provide a history of the development of Leksell Gamma Knife and its evolution from frame-based to the inclusion of mask-based radiosurgery in the latest Gamma Knife model. For beginners, there is valuable information related to imaging, quality assurance, patient care, anesthesia, and regulatory requirements. Advance users will appreciate the summary of the long-term outcome of important indications. Additional chapters on cavernous malformation, orbital, uveal, and ocular disorders clarify the role of radiosurgery.
This book is a concise overview for physicians interested in radiosurgery. It will be of great value to neurosurgeons, radiation oncologists, and medical physicists concerned with learning about the indications of radiosurgery.

A comprehensive overview of an underrated procedure
Among neuromodulation procedures, electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves (PNS) is probably the most underappreciated modality. Although PNS is used for all kinds of medical conditions, ranging from chronic neuropathic pain and headache to epilepsy, depression, hypertension and heart failure, its importance is frequently overshadowed by spinal cord stimulation and deep brain stimulation. While the earlier version of this book dealt exclusively with various pain syndromes, this new volume covers the entire spectrum of PNS applications. Written by recognized authorities in their respective fields, the chapters of this title describe the use of PNS in the management of neurological, psychiatric, otorhinolaryngological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, colorectal and genitourinary disorders. To reflect the complexity of the regulatory process, the book ends with a special chapter dedicated to the current state of approval of different PNS devices.
This book will be of great value to all those who deal with neuromodulation, including clinicians who select PNS candidates, surgeons and other specialists who implant PNS devices, and researchers and engineers who work on making the stimulators safer and more effective.

The clinical, public health and political aspects of tobacco smoking
This completely revised and enlarged 2nd edition of The Tobacco Epidemic provides a comprehensive update of the clinical, public health and political aspects of tobacco smoking. Since its 1st edition in 1997, knowledge on the health hazards of tobacco and nicotine addiction has increased considerably, but recent data has shown that the global problem has become more aggravated in low- and middle-income countries: if current trends continue, tobacco smoking will be responsible for the deaths of 1 billion people in the 21st century.
Written by outstanding international experts, the book covers the history of tobacco production and use, the economics of tobacco use and control, as well as the health consequences of active and passive smoking in both adults and children. Special chapters discuss the impact of media, movies and TV on tobacco consumption in young people, the patterns and predictors of smoking cessation in the general population and in different social subgroups, and initiatives supported by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Readers will find the latest information on how nicotine dependence is treated with nicotine replacement products, what role health care professionals play in helping smokers to quit and what effects smoke-free environments, advertising bans and price increases have on smoking prevalence. The potential harms and benefits of smokeless tobacco, waterpipe tobacco smoking and electronic cigarettes are also evaluated.
This book is a must-read for anyone in the medical profession who treats patients with smoking-related diseases and for those engaged in tobacco control. It will also be appreciated by interested nonmedical readers like journalists and legislators.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains the largest cause of adult deaths from any single infectious disease, and ranks among the top 10 causes of death worldwide. When TB and war occur simultaneously, the inevitable consequences are disease, human misery, suffering, and heightened mortality. TB is, therefore, one of the most frequent and deadly diseases to complicate the special circumstances of warfare.
Written by internationally acclaimed experts, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of the status of TB before, during and after WWII in the 25 belligerent countries that were chiefly involved. It summarizes the history of TB up to the present day. A special chapter on “Nazi Medicine, Tuberculosis and Genocide” examines the horrendous, inhuman Nazi ideology, which during WWII used TB as a justification for murder, and targeted the disease by eradicating millions who were afflicted by it. The final chapter summarizes the lessons learned from WWII and more recent wars and recommends anti-TB measures for future conflicts.
This publication is not only of interest to TB specialists and pulmonologists but also to those interested in public health, infectious diseases, war-related issues and the history of medicine. It should also appeal to nonmedical readers like journalists and politicians.

Recent progress in basic and clinical radiotherapy
Developments in radiation oncology have been key to the tremendous progress made in the field in recent years. The combination of optimal systemic treatment and local therapy has resulted in continuing improved outcomes of cancer therapy. This progress forms the basis for current pre-clinical and clinical research which will strengthen the position of radiation oncology as an essential component of oncological care.
This book summarizes recent advances in radiotherapy research and clinical patient care. Topics include radiobiology, radiotherapy technology, and particle therapy. Chapters cover a summary and analysis of recent developments in the search for biomarkers for precision radiotherapy, novel imaging possibilities and treatment planning, and advances in understanding the differences between photon and particle radiotherapy.
Advances in Radiation Therapy is an invaluable source of information for scientists and clinicians working in the field of radiation oncology. It is also a relevant resource for those interested in the broad topic of radiotherapy in general.

New advances in the dynamic field of immunotherapy in cancer
Over the last decade, immuno-oncology has witnessed an astonishing pace of discovery and innovation translating into unprecedented successes in the clinical setting, arguably representing one of the most profound and transforming revolution in the history of cancer therapy.
This book provides a concise and accurate outline of the main developments in major tumor types including melanoma, lung, breast, brain and renal cell cancers. In addition, transversal chapters that describe the commonalities of some of the therapeutic strategies are provided to cover topics like immune checkpoint biology, T cell engineering or rational combination therapies. Each chapter has been authored by senior key opinion leaders in their respective fields to provide the most up-to-date view on cancer immuno-oncology. To reflect on the key translational aspect of immuno-oncology, all chapters are making explicit connections between basic science discoveries and the resulting translational therapeutic strategies.
Immuno-Oncology will be an invaluable source of information for scientists interested in the translation of basic immunology into the clinical practice, as well as for clinician interested in deepening their knowledge of current and upcoming immune strategies in the fight against cancers.

Focusing on the special needs of AYA cancer patients
The field of adolescents and young adult (AYA) oncology is experiencing a very challenging time. This book is a guide to the key issues for any clinician and health professional managing AYA with cancer in Europe. Emphasis is on collaboration between adult and pediatric specialists. Authors present their perception of the current state of the most prominent primary issues in AYA oncology.
Chapters cover cross-cutting issues such as disease epidemiology, systems of care, access to innovative therapy and late effects of treatment and survivorship for AYA-onset cancers. There are discussions of the latest developments and the most important cancer types for AYA, including the shared perspectives of adult and pediatric specialists. Throughout the book recurrent challenges to the AYA community are exposed and solutions proposed.
Tumors in Adolescents and Young Adults is highly recommended to any oncologist or haematologist treating patients aged 15 to 39 diagnosed with cancer. It will also be of interest to other members of the multidisciplinary teams involved with this patient group.

This unique publication was written by experts who have made significant contributions to the development of reconstructive microsurgery and vascularized composite allotransplantation and are likely to shape its future.
The book is divided into three major sections. The first presents the state-of-the-art of autologous microsurgical reconstruction. It summarizes current achievements, highlights the shortcomings of currently available techniques, and prepares the reader for the next evolutionary step: allotransplantation. Section two is a comprehensive review of allotransplantation, from immunology to surgical techniques. Finally, for those interested in establishing a comprehensive center for vascularized composite allotransplantation, section three provides important lessons from the successful Chang Gung Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Center.
From Auto- to Allotransplantation is indeed the only up-to-date and complete reference available on the topic. Scholars and research fellows interested in transplantation will benefit greatly from this work. It is also an invaluable resource for plastic, orthopedic, hand, ENT, oromaxillofacial, and general surgeons as well as for residents.

Leptospirosis is the most common zoonotic disease worldwide, involving at least 1 million patients annually. Kidney is the preferential colonization site where Leptospira accumulates during systemic infection, primarily in the interstitium and in renal tubule epithelial cells. In acute kidney injury (AKI), the main histological findings are acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis and acute tubular necrosis, characterized by hypokalemia and non-oliguria. The injury caused by leptospira outer membrane protein components involves innate immunity Toll-like receptor pathways and activation of complement and immune cascades in the kidney, together with extracellular matrix accumulation when the kidney infection progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Significantly, recent studies indicate that leptospira may induce CKD in humans either with AKI-CKD continuum or subclinical leptospira infection leading to CKD. Leptospirosis kidney disease thus represents a newly discovered and previously overlooked area requiring intensive medical and public health attention and investigation. In this book, leading experts in the field contribute their cutting-edge clinical and research experiences for the understanding of leptospirosis kidney disease.
The outstanding feature of this publication is emphasizing kidney injury and disease induced by leptospirosis, an underestimated infection involving multiple organs. The book contributes information on current knowledge of leptospirosis kidney disease and a new perspective for future research.

An important contribution to a holistic and personalized approach to cancer therapy
Since ancient times the mistletoe plant has been used for healing diseases. Today mistletoe extract therapy is among the most thoroughly studied complementary treatments in Europe. Several studies and meta-analyses have shown it to be beneficial for cancer patients in terms of survival, improved quality of life and minimised side effects of cancer chemotherapy.
This book gives an overview of the research on mistletoe therapy from antiquity to the present. Topics discussed include the cultural and medical history of mistletoe, the diversity of the plant´s molecular constituents, and its anticancer activities including cytotoxicity and immunomodulation. A timeline of the development of mistletoe research is presented. Special attention is given to the application of mistletoe extracts as a supportive treatment in glioblastoma, after cancer surgery and in cancer-related fatigue.
This timely publication is a treasure trove for oncologists devoted to a holistic tumor therapy, caregivers of cancer patients, pharmacologists interested in phytomedicine and medical historians.

A summary of the principles, applications and future prospects of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy
This comprehensive reference work provides a detailed overview of shockwave therapy, a relatively new clinical specialty in modern medicine. It follows the evolution of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT) from its initial stage as the gold standard for the disintegration of kidney stones to its regenerative effects in biological tissues.
Starting with the basic principles of shockwave treatment, the book goes on to review its application in musculoskeletal disorders, including osteonecrosis of the hip, tendinopathy, fracture treatment, and treatment of sports related injuries. The application of ESWT in cardiovascular diseases is discussed. This includes preclinical and clinical applications for ischemic cardiovascular disease and effects on angiogenesis and anti-inflammation-molecular-cellular signaling pathways. The treatment of urinary diseases and erectile dysfunction by ESWT is elaborated. The book concludes with a discussion of future prospects of the shockwave therapy.
Scholars and research fellows interested in shockwave medicine will benefit greatly from this work. It is also a useful clinical resource for nephrologists, urologists, cardiologists, and orthopedists.

How to improve the life chances of children
Malnutrition caused by deficiencies of vitamins and minerals - also called hidden hunger - impairs both the intellectual and physical development of a child. Due to the absence of clinical symptoms and assessments, no intervention can be staged. The tragedy is that this, in turn, decreases the child’s chance to escape from poverty.
This book looks at malnutrition in high-income countries, the nutrition transition and nutritional deficiencies in low-income countries, consequences of hidden hunger, and interventions to improve nutrition security. Written by leading experts in the field, it clearly stresses that national governments and international organizations must make malnutrition one of their top priorities in order to provide children with optimal conditions for a healthy future.

An update on the global fight against hunger
Hidden hunger has long been an overlooked problem. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies have to be remedied and the availability of calories needs to be increased. As a matter of fact, the number of people who do not have access to a balanced diet has multiplied in rich and poor countries, with lasting consequences for health and well-being. Hidden hunger not only affects childhood growth and cognitive development, but also reduces productivity and well-being later in life, thus keeping the affected population trapped in a circle of poverty and malnutrition.
This book illustrates the global fight against hunger by national governments and international organizations. Presented at the Third Hidden Hunger Conference held at the University of Hohenheim in Stuttgart, Germany, it presents a range of strategies being implemented in various regions of the world to improve nutrition quality and combat this international crisis.

A critical appraisal of recent research
It is a well-known fact that children's growth depends on the quality of their nutrition. However, the mechanisms of fetal and child growth and their interactions with nutrition have not yet been fully elucidated and still pose a challenge to those engaged in the field. Exchanging concepts and knowledge among professionals of various disciplines thus remains very important.
This second 'Yearbook' provides an update on the research published between 2013 and 2015. An international team of experts presents papers that shed light on the mechanisms of interaction between nutrition and growth, and provide insight to the readers. Each paper is briefly summarized and supplemented with editorial comments which evaluate the clinical importance of each article and discuss its application.This 'Yearbook' is an important tool for practicing physicians, including pediatricians, subspecialists in pediatric gastroenterology, metabolism and nutrition, and endocrinology. Nutritionists and dieticians, as well as other health professionals involved in the care of children, will also find this to be a useful resource.

A guide to recent research
Adequate nutrition is a crucial component for child growth. Under- or malnutrition may not only affect present and future growth, but also a child's ability to develop skills. Tremendous efforts are being made to try and understand the mechanisms leading to stunted growth, proper diet composition, and an appropriate rehabilitation diet for children suffering from under- or malnutrition in all age groups during the growth period.
In this publication, specialists in nutrition and growth present some of the best studies from peer-reviewed journals published between July 2015 and June 2016. Each paper is briefly summarized and supplemented with editorial comments which evaluate the clinical importance of each article and discuss its application. This 'Yearbook' is an important tool for practicing physicians, including pediatricians, subspecialists in pediatric gastroenterology, metabolism and nutrition, and endocrinology. Nutritionists and dieticians, as well as other health professionals involved in the care of children, will also find this to be a useful resource.

A critical appraisal of recent research
Adequate nutrition is a crucial component for child growth. Under- or malnutrition may not only affect present and future growth, but also a child's ability to develop skills.
In this publication, specialists in nutrition and growth present some of the best studies from peer-reviewed journals published between July 2016 and June 2017. Each paper is briefly summarized and supplemented with editorial comments which evaluate the clinical importance of each article and discuss its application. This 'Yearbook' is an important tool for practicing physicians, including pediatricians, subspecialists in pediatric gastroenterology, metabolism and nutrition, and endocrinology. Nutritionists and dieticians, as well as other health professionals involved in the care of children, will also find this to be a useful resource.

A guide to recent research
Optimal nutrition is difficult to achieve. Insufficient energy and nutrient intake leads to inadequate growth, whereas too much can result in increased risk of non-communicable diseases (mainly obesity) and may adversely affect children with chronic diseases. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of inappropriate growth and the pathways involved in optimal and catch-up growth is constantly evolving. There is also new data emerging on the role of genes and the interaction between nutrition and epigenetic changes involved in growth, as well as on the interplay between nutrition and growth factors and hormones in health and disease states.
In this latest yearbook, noted specialists present leading studies related to various aspects of nutrition and growth published between July 2017 and June 2018. Each study is summarized, with comments, providing additional and helpful views of interpretation. The book will provide useful and valuable information for health care providers, physicians, nurses, dieticians, scientists, and anyone else interested in nutrition.

A critical appraisal of recent research
Children’s growth is a common concern to all health care providers treating neonates, infants, toddlers, children, and adolescents. Defining the best nutrition for healthy and active children as well as for those who suffer from acute or chronic disease is relevant to the children, their care givers, and to health care providers.
For this publication, an international group of experts in nutrition, metabolism, gastroenterology, endocrinology, and auxology have selected some of the most important manuscripts published between July 2018 and June 2019. Each paper is supplemented with editorial comments aiming to highlight the lessons that can be learnt. This book provides a significant contribution to the knowledge base and will help all subspecialties of health care providers dealing with the pediatric age group to get updated on some of the key issues in the interaction between nutrition and growth.

A practical reference guide
There is no other time in life when the provision of adequate and balanced nutrition is of greater importance than during infancy and childhood. During this dynamic phase characterized by rapid growth, development and developmental plasticity, a sufficient amount and appropriate composition of nutrients both in health and disease are of key importance for growth, functional outcomes such as cognition and immune response, and the metabolic programming of long-term health and well-being.
This compact reference text provides concise information to readers who seek quick guidance on practical issues in the nutrition of infants, children and adolescents. After the success of the first edition, which sold more than 50'000 copies in several languages, the editors prepared this thoroughly revised and updated second edition which focuses again on nutritional challenges in both affluent and poor populations around the world. Serving as a practical reference guide, this book will contribute to further improving the quality of feeding of healthy infants and children, as well as enhancing the standards of nutritional care in sick children.

This new book reviews the latest advances in the embryology, genetics, diagnosis, imaging, and therapy of congenital heart disease. The international cast of authors has combined its talents to produce a unique, expert perspective. This publication arrives at a very exciting time when new genetic, imaging, and therapeutic developments are changing the field. It is relevant to pediatricians, internal medicine specialists, medical geneticists, both pediatric and adult cardiologists, embryologists, imaging physicians, and cardiac surgeons. The reader is taken on a journey that begins with a historical overview of congenital cardiovascular anomalies and ends with developments in stem cell and tissue engineering. In between are chapters on cardiac embryogenesis; epidemiology; genetic syndromes associated with cardiovascular anomalies; single gene disorders; cardiac imaging; surgical and interventional therapies; and ethical considerations.
'Congenital Heart Disease' is an invaluable reference. In short, it provides essential information to create a comprehensive resource for all physicians involved with the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac malformations.

In daily medical practice, physicians often use scores, classifications and schematic diagnostic paths to make clear and comprehensive decisions. Treatment algorithms have also proven to be effective. However, it has become increasingly difficult or even impossible to have all scores, schemata and algorithms at hand, and a search on the internet can be very time consuming. Gastrix solves this problem: unlike classic gastroenterology and hepatology textbooks, it summarizes all necessary information in the form of a pocket-sized book. Gastroenterologists will thus have all relevant information easily available at all times.

Ten years ago, the first edition of Graves’ Orbitopathy: A Multidisciplinary Approach was published. Since then, the book has become very popular and much has happened in the field to warrant a third edition. What has not changed is the successful and attractive question-and-answer format of the book.
In the 3rd, revised and expanded edition, new chapters have been added on co-morbidity, local treatment modalities, novel immunosuppressive therapy, detailed protocols, and questions frequently asked by patients. All chapters of the previous edition have been thoroughly updated. Subjects covered then include the pathology of Graves’ Orbitopathy (GO) and the controversial views on its pathogenesis; assessment of changes using reliable measuring techniques; medical management of GO including established and alternative treatment options; technical explanations and illustrations of various surgical procedures; and finally, the molecular, immunologic, and clinical aspects of this complex disorder. Additionally, ample consideration is given to the new 2016 ETA/EUGOGO guidelines on the management of GO.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a valid renal replacement therapy when incorporated in an overall integrated care programme for end-stage renal disease patients. Despite this fact, PD has not yet been established as a true long-term dialysis modality.
This practical handbook offers sensible advice as well as detailed information on virtually all clinical and pathophysiological aspects of PD in a readily accessible format and explains the complexities of PD in a clear but still scientific and comprehensive way. Due to its handy size it fits in a white coat pocket of a nephrologist visiting a PD patient during rounds or in the outpatient ambulatory setting.
Nephrologists, residents in nephrology and internal medicine, and all other health care workers – nurses, pharmacists, dieticians, intensivists, and medical students – involved with patients suffering from end-stage renal disease will find this book very helpful for understanding the scientific background of PD.

Examines the impact of rapid advances in MRI on treating patients
Rapid advances in MRI are transforming the treatment of patients suffering from the craniocervical syndrome (CCS). Articles in this publication have been written by leading international experts in the field to provide practitioners with a better understanding of the subtle anatomy and MRI appearances at the craniocervical junction, along with insight into the clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow measurements and their relationship to posture. The surgical management of patients with damage to the ligaments at the craniocervical junction and the role of cervical spinal trauma in neurodegenerative diseases as well as CSF flow obstruction are also discussed.
This publication is valuable reading for practitioners in the fields of radiology, neurosurgery, neurology, pain management, orthopaedic surgery as well as for chiropractors and osteopaths.

New research in accelerated orthodontics
With the intention of improving the rate, quality, and stability of orthodontic tooth movement, those in the field are now moving toward accomplishing this 'acceleration' with minimally or non-invasive methods. New procedures have been widely tested in humans, animal models, and in vitro. While interest is growing both in the industry and at the clinical level, the understanding of the biology is limited. Considering that a simple increase in force will result in tooth morbidity and arrest of the tooth migration, a multi-disciplinary approach is critical for
This publication brings together multi-disciplinary expertise on a wide variety of processes related to and involved in orthodontic tooth movement. The premise is that, by better understanding the biological structures and the mechanism through which they respond to biomechanical forces, one can get a better assessment of the 'acceleration'.
This work presents research aimed at an improved understanding of conventional and accelerated orthodontic tooth movement from a biological perspective and will be of great value to clinicians, researchers, academics, and students.

Long-awaited book from a world-renowned expert in positive psychotherapy
Well-Being Therapy (WBT) is the psychotherapeutic approach developed by Giovanni Fava, a world-renowned psychiatrist and psychotherapist, and the editor-in-chief of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. WBT is an innovative strategy that is based on monitoring psychological well-being, whereby the patient progressively learns how to make it grow. This type of therapy has enjoyed much success and is increasing in popularity around the world.
The first part of this long-awaited book describes how the idea for WBT was formed, the first patient treated, and the current evidence that supports this approach. In Part II, Giovanni Fava provides the treatment manual of WBT, describing what each session entails, and includes many examples from his own cases. The last part covers some of the specific conditions for which WBT can be used and how sessions can be conducted. It includes sections on depression, mood swings, generalized anxiety disorder, panic and agoraphobia, and posttraumatic stress disorder. There is also information on the application of WBT in interventions in school settings. Throughout the book, Dr. Fava keeps things interesting by peppering his narrative with anecdotes from his medical career.
The primary audience for this book is professionals within psychology, psychiatry, and other fields of medicine (e.g., family practice, pediatrics, and rehabilitation). However, the book is written in a relaxed, clear, and accessible style that also makes it of interest to counselors, educators, and family and friends of patients, not to mention patients themselves.